So, what is this?

Ever, saw or use (" ...... ") type of quotation marks? Well, we are talking about that only.

They are used to set off exact language, spoken or written, that has come from someone else. You may use quotation marks to quote a source or for dialogue.

There are few rules in this :-

Capitalize the first letter of a direct quote from a source. 

If you are quoting directly from a source, such as a book, article, or journal, always use one pair of quotations around the quote and capitalize the first letter of the direct quote. Do this if you are quoting a complete sentence.

For example, you may write:

Pollen states in his book, “You can eat whatever you want as long as you make it yourself.”

Lowercase the word after the quotation mark. 

Always lowercase the word that follows the close quotation mark, or the second quotation mark. Do this if the speaker attribution appears after the quoted phrase.

For example:

“What time is it?” the man asked.

“Chop, chop,” she said.

Put quotation marks around the dialogue only. 

Quotation marks are essential for notating dialogue, as they signal to the reader the words are being spoken. You should use quotation marks around dialogue in a novel, short story, or poem.

For example:

"Where is my cat?” the woman screamed.

I demanded, “Let me see her.”

Include punctuation in the quote inside the quotation marks/
Include commas and periods in the quotation marks.

Commas, periods, exclamation marks, dashes, and question marks that appear, should all go inside the quotation marks.

For example:

Othello notes, “For she has eyes and she chose me.”

Pollen asks the question, “Why don’t we get to know our food?”

“The best way to eat food,” Pollen argues, “is to make it yourself.” 

Use a comma before a speaker attribution. 

Place a comma before speaker attributions like “he said,” “she said,” “they said,” “we yelled,” etc.

This will signal to the reader there is about to be dialogue. For example:

He said, “I can’t make ballet class tonight, son.”

They yelled, “You hooligans!”

“We’re late,” she said to her sister.

“Tell me you love me," he said to his lover.

Use quotation marks to emphasize a word or phrase. 

These are also known as scare quotes. Scare quotes are not used often. But they can be used to emphasize a word or phrase in a sentence in a mocking or annoyed tone.

For example:

She did not want to bring up his “issue” in mixed company.

The “in depth discussion” of the problem felt insufficient at best.

Put single quotation marks around quotes within quotations. 

If you are quoting a phrase that already has quotation marks, change the quotation marks in the phrase to single quotation marks. Single quotation marks appear as ‘’.

For example:

“So he said to me, ‘You’re going to be a great success,’ and I believed him.”

********

Well, you need to go through the rules of quotation mark first, after then only we can understand how to use comma/full stop/question mark of other punctuation mark in dialogues.

In next chapter, I'll publish about 'Comma' and 'full stop'.

Source - various writing blogs.