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Key difference between GATT and WTOa) The GATT was ad hoc and provisional. It was never ratified by members' parliaments, and it contained no provisions for the creation of an International Organization. While, the WTO and its agreements are permanent. As an international organization, it has a sound legal basis because members have ratified the WTO agreements, and the agreements themselves describe how the WTO will be functioning to promote trade.b) The WTO has members while, the signatories to the GATT were called “contracting parties”c) The GATT dealt with trade in goods only, while, the WTO covers services as well as intellectual property. d) The WTO has a more effective settling system.Who is entitled to Special and Differential Treatment? A: The special needs of developing country members and in particular the least developed country members are to be taken into account. The phased introduction of new SPS measures and longer time frame for compliance are to be accorded on products of interest to developing country members.What is bound tariff?The Bound tariff rate is the most-favored-nation tariff rate resulting from negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and incorporated as an integral component of a country’s schedule of concessions or commitments to other World Trade Organization members.…

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Section VIII – Infectious DiseasesSection Editors:Christopher Hoffmann, MD, MPH   Nicola Zetola, MDChapter 53 – Fever of Unknown OriginScott Kim, MD   Rachel Damico, MD, PhD   Paul Auwaerter, MDFAST FACTS   ▪    The contemporary understanding of fever of unknown origin (FUO) is derived from Petersdorf and Beeson's 1961 characterization of FUO. A stringent definition of FUO is composed of the following criteria[1]: temperature higher than 38.3° C measured on several occasions, 3-week duration (to exclude self-limiting fevers), negative blood cultures, no apparent explanation, and three outpatient visits or three hospital days.   ▪    Infections, malignancies, and noninfectious inflammatory diseases account for the majority of cases of FUO.   ▪    In patients older than 65 years, temporal arteritis should be considered early in any evaluation.   ▪    Patients with FUO who remain undiagnosed after exhaustive study usually have a favorable prognosis. In one study, in a cohort of 61 patients with FUO discharged without diagnosis, the 5-year mortality rate was only 3.2%.[2]…