1) During one of these debates, one of the speakers argued that ending the Missouri Compromise would lead to the nationalization of slavery. One of these debates gave its name to the Freeport Doctrine. (*) These debates were credited for raising Abraham Lincoln's national profile. For ten points, name this series of seven debates held over the issue of slavery.

Answer: Lincoln-Douglas debates

For ten points each, answer these questions about textiles in arts and literature.

This genre of Italian comedic theater is built around a loose canvas of stock characters.

Answer: Commedia Dell'Arte

This stock character in Commedia Dell'Arte represents greedy old men.

Answer: Pantalone

Pantalone wore the titular clothing of that series of books revolving around four teenage girls wearing the same pair of it.

Answer: The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants

2) This German philosopher champions the inclusion of non-integrated forces in the intellectual arena. He argued that advanced industrial societies created false needs. (*) This German philosopher was a member of the Frankfurt school of critical thinking who, for ten points, argued that societies became one-dimensional.

Answer: Marcuse

For ten points each, please answer these questions about the symphonies of Beethoven.

This Beethoven symphony was the first by a major composer to score vocal parts.

Answer: Ninth Symphony

A symphony is typically made of four of these components.

Answer: Movement

An instrumental arrangement of the Ninth Symphony's fourth movement chorus was adopted as an anthem by what entities?

Answer: Council of Europe and European Union

3) A phase of matter made up of a liquid of this property occurs in certain magnetic materials. Alignment of this property in matter forms the basis of MRI. (*) It's the only quantum observable property without a classical equivalent. For ten points, name this property that takes either integer or half-integer values in particles.

Answer: (Magnetic) spin

For ten points each, answer these questions about moneylending.

This process occurs when a debtor fails to repay a loan.

Answer: Default (reject bankruptcy)

This item is forfeited by the debtor when defaulting on a secured loan.

Answer: Collateral

In a Chapter Thirteen bankruptcy, this procedure can be used by debtors to reduce the outstanding balance of a secured loan to the fair market value of the collateral.

Answer: Cramdown (prompt on debt restructuring)

4) This play's titular character reacts to a placebo effect. Its protagonist marries a woman who fakes caregiving. (*) At the end of the play, the titular character himself becomes a physician. For ten points, name this Molière play about a patient afraid of sickness.

Answer: The Imaginary Patient (accept Le Malade Imaginaire)

For ten points each, answer these questions about energy in chemical reactions.

A reaction's change in this quantity under standard conditions is that reaction's standard energy.

Answer: Enthalpy

Chemical reactions giving rise to a loss of enthalpy give off this kind of energy.

Answer: Thermal energy (accept heat)

Thermal energy is caused by this type of motion in solids.

Answer: Vibration

5) This phenomenon is measured using ellipsometers. If the incident angle is too large, it ensures total internal reflection. (*) This phenomenon's index is a multiplicative term of Snell's law. For ten points, name this phenomenon occurring when light passes through a medium to another.

Answer: Refraction

For ten points each, answer these questions about starving artists in performing arts.

This Paris neighborhood is one of the major centers of artistic and intellectual life in western Europe.

Answer: Latin Quarter (accept Quartier Latin)

This opera is named after the lifestyle of its protagonists in Paris' Latin Quarter.

Answer: La Boheme

This musical is an adaptation of Puccini's La Boheme about impoverished artists living in the East Village of New York City.

Answer: Rent

6) The treaty of San Ildefonso, signed between Spain and France in 1800, retroceded this territory to France. Under French rule, the upper portion of this territory was called Illinois Country. (*) In colonial times, Canada lied to the north of this territory which, for ten points, was purchased by the United States in 1803.

Answer: Louisiana

For ten points each, answer these questions about coffee.

This molecule gives coffee stimulant and laxative properties.

Answer: Caffeine

Caffeine is removed from coffee by using carbon dioxide in which phase of matter?

Answer: Supercritical fluid

Beyond coffee's role as a stimulant and as a laxative, caffeine is also added as an active ingredient in medications such as paracetamol. To which class of medication does paracetamol belong?

Answer: painkiller (accept analgesic)

7) In this novel, Don Francisco asks himself "I'm rich, but what does my money do for me?" Florentina pities and takes care of this novel's titular character. (*) In this novel, Pablo gets eye surgery and gets his eyesight back. For ten points, name this Spanish novel whose titular character dies of a broken heart.

Answer: Marianela

For ten points each, answer these questions about artificial landmasses.

Windmills were built in the Netherlands to aid in this process by draining water.

Answer: Land reclamation

Land reclamation, when used in areas poor in flat land near bodies of water, gives rise to this type of formation.

Answer: Artificial island

This artificial island archipelago was built off the coast of Dubai and is one of Dubai's luxury hospitality hubs.

Answer: Palm Jumeirah

8) This city was the site of a Soviet massacre perpetrated on the Polish intellectual elite in WWII. It was the first site of the Russian Black Sea Fleet shipyards. It was named after the Ancient Greek (*) colony Chersonesus. The Kinburn Peninsula lies just outside the city which, for ten points, was the only oblast capital captured by the Russian army during the 2022 War in Ukraine.

Answer: Kherson

For ten points each, answer these questions about gases in the environment.

This element is used to disinfect swimming pools.

Answer: Chlorine

Chlorine is held responsible for the destruction of this atmospheric layer.

Answer: Ozone

The ozone layer both protects against, and is sustained by, this band of electromagnetic radiation.

Answer: Ultraviolet

9) A mixture in this phase reaches its Bancroft point when the saturation vapor pressures of its constituents are equal. This phenomenon can only occur when a mixture deviates from Raoult's law. (*) A mixture in this phase has a characteristic boiling point. For ten points, name this phase where a mixture's constituents can't be separated by distillation.

Answer: Azeotropy

For ten points each, answer these questions about voter suppression.

Under this theory, it is argued that voters tend to feel less inclined to vote because of past administrations' actions tying current candidates' hands.

Answer: Path dependence

This phenomenon occurs when electoral maps are redrawn to a party's advantage.

Answer: Gerrymandering

By stacking votes in favor a party, gerrymandering causes an increase in that type of vote.

Answer: Wasted vote

10) Reading this genre was the motive behind the protagonist of a Kate Summerscale novel committing a murder. The poor quality of the paper this genre was printed on made surviving examples very rare. (*) This genre named after a coin was very popular in its Victorian heyday. For ten points, name this early genre of serialized short stories.

Answer: Penny dreadful (the novel referred to in the first clue is The Wicked Boy: The Mystery of a Victorian Child Murderer)

For ten points each, answer these questions about New Orleans in arts.

The protagonist of this play is a delusional fallen Southern belle.

Answer: A Streetcar Named Desire

A Streetcar Named Desire mostly takes place in this Louisiana city.

Answer: New Orleans

New Orleans is famous for this style of jazz music in the early twentieth century.

Answer: Dixieland (jazz)

11) North Korea dug the Third Tunnel of Aggression through this zone. The Joint Security Area is the only point of this area where both sides' forces stand face-to-face. (*) Giant minefields prevent people from crossing this zone which, for ten points, is in existence since the end of the Korean War?

Answer: (Korean) Demilitarized zone

Pencil and paper ready. Consider a lake near lands used for industrial crop farming, where chemical fertilizers are used regularly. For ten points each:

Fertilizer runoff causes eutrophication, whereby excessive supply of certain nutrients cause this issue in lakes.

Answer: Algae bloom

In a lake, algae bloom double in size every day, and it takes forty-five days to cover the entire lake. How long did it take to cover half the lake? You have ten seconds.

Answer: Forty-four days

Algae blooms often cause die-offs of water fauna because of the depletion of this element.

Answer: Oxygen

12) The Permian-Triassic mass extinction caused the biggest loss of this value on Earth. This value tends to increase the closer one is to the equator. (*) Climate change and habitat destruction both contribute to the decrease of this value which, for ten points, relates to the variety and variability of life in a biome.

Answer: Biodiversity

For ten points each, answer these questions about activism.

This variety of activism seeks to use social or political justice causes for personal financial or political gain.

Answer: Performative activism

Performative activism has been criticized by Lorde in the context of this movement, which took place after the death of George Floyd.

Answer: Black Lives Matter

Some of the more militant elements of the Black Lives Matter movement performed these acts against symbols of people tied to slavery, racism and colonialism.

Answer: Vandalism

13) An artist from this country painted a marketplace of its capital in his Coal Market. The battle of Austerlitz was fought in the southeastern part of this country. (*) The region of Bohemia occupies the western half of this country, which, for ten points, contains its capital, Prague.

Answer: Czechia

For ten points each, answer these questions about the data pyramid.

The definition of this concept in the data pyramid differs from its definition in epistemology.

Answer: Knowledge

This source of knowledge lacks explanatory value.

Answer: Factual information

This type of data provides factual information about other data.

Answer: Metadata

14) A region in this country was called, in Ancient Greece, Pentapolis. The Severan dynasty called Leptis Magna, a city in this country, home. (*) Gaddafi was, until a civil war overthrew him in 2011, the ruler of this country, which, for ten points, is led from Tripoli.

Answer: Libya

For ten points each, answer these questions about romantic poetry.

"By fitting to metrical arrangement a selection of the real language of men" is a quote attributed to which poet about writing romantic poetry?

Answer: (William) Wordsworth

The preface of this Wordsworth poem collection was regarded as a manifesto of Romantic poetry.

Answer: Lyrical Ballads

It was estimated that three-quarters of romantic poetry in English was written in this poetic meter.

Answer: Iambic pentameter

15) The use of photovoltaic cells by this country's national stadium earned it the moniker "Dragon Stadium". The Beitou region of this country or renowned for its hot springs. (*) The semiconductor industry forms the backbone of this country's economy which, for ten points, has its namesake strait on its northwestern border.

Answer: Taiwan

For ten points each, answer these questions about drafts.

This crisis led Borden to declare martial law as a result of riots in Quebec.

Answer: 1917 Canadian draft crisis

In ships, the draft refers to the distance between the keel and this line.

Answer: Waterline

The NBA instituted a rule stating that teams cannot trade first-round draft picks in two consecutive seasons, named after this owner.

Answer: Ted Stepien

16) Recent research theorized that two of these events occurred less than ten million years apart. The most important of these events are termed the "Big Five". (*) The age of dinosaurs ended with the Cretaceous event which, for ten points, caused the rapid loss of species.

Answer: Mass extinction

The First Punic War marked the early stages of Roman expansion outside Italy. For ten points each:

Shortly before this battle took place, the Carthaginians sued for peace, but the terms proposed by Regulus were deemed too harsh.

Answer: Tunis

Carthage made peace with Rome in 241 BC, but its own army's mutiny escalated to this war.

Answer: Mercenary War

The Mercenary War was the backdrop of this Flaubert novel.

Answer: Salammbô

17) A poem by this poet opens with "When I am dead, bury me in my beloved Ukraine". While his poetry didn't call for open revolutionary actions, it raised issues on injustice in 19th century Ukraine. (*) His poetry collection Kobzar was published outside of Russia for censorship reasons. For ten points, name this poet who's considered the father of Ukrainian romantic poetry.

Answer: Taras Shevchenko (the poem in the first clue refers to Zapovit)

For ten points each, answer these questions about the history of mansions.

The advent of which type of weapons in the late Middle Ages caused the replacement of fortified castles by mansions?

Answer: Firearms

In English renaissance, the largest of these mansions were built with a view of housing Elizabeth I and her retinue during the annual royal progress.

Answer: Prodigy houses

Mansions of this type became popular in 1980s California.

Answer: McMansions

18) This writer was driven to bankruptcy by the failure of the Paige Compositor. His literary career began with the Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County written while mining. (*) He wrote numerous satires, chronicling the flaws and failures of humanity. For ten points, name the author of the Tom Sawyer series.

Answer: Mark Twain

For ten points each, answer these questions about statistical mechanics.

This statistical mechanical ensemble allows for systems to have variable numbers of particles.

Answer: Grand canonical

In the grand canonical ensemble, this quantity represents the amount of energy per particle.

Answer: Chemical potential

Chemical potential being difficult to work with, in practice, chemists prefer to employ this quantity when working with gases.

Answer: Fugacity

19) The Bank of St. George, established in this city, was one of the preeminent banks of the Renaissance. It ceded Corsica to France after it became insolvent in the wake of the Seven Years' War. (*) It was the birthplace of Christopher Columbus. It's not Venice, but this Italian city was, for ten points, the capital of one of the major maritime republics in the Renaissance.

Answer: Genoa

For ten points each, answer these questions about mental illness in female artists.

Zelda Fitzgerald wrote this novel under the effects of schizophrenia.

Answer: Save Me the Waltz

This poet gave her name to an effect under which poets appear to be more prone to mental illness.

Answer: (Sylvia) Plath

This French sculptor is diagnosed with paranoia psychosis, leading her to spend the final thirty years of her life in a psychiatric hospital.

Answer: (Camille) Claudel

20) In this novel, the family of one of Jia daughters has the Daguanyuan built after she becomes a royal consort. Redology is the field of study devoted to this novel. (*) It was the latest-published of the Four Great Classical Chinese Novels. For ten points, name this novel about the rise and fall of an eighteenth-century Chinese aristocratic family.

Answer: Dream of a Red Chamber 

For ten points each, answer these questions on voter turnout issues.

This index measures the ease of voting by state, based on voter registration and rules.

Answer: Cost of voting

Some states lowered costs of voting by implementing this automatic process.

Answer: Automatic voter registration

This phenomenon occurs when voters are either asked to vote often or to vote on too many issues.

Answer: Voter fatigue