Structure of english(basic)
1. Transfer Past form to perfect form.
+, S + Began + V_ing + since…= S + has/have + Ved + sine +…
Started
EX:
+, S + last + V(P1) + time + ago. = S + have/has + no + V_ed/P2 +for time.
EX:
+, It’s been time + since + S + last + V(P1)….
S + last time + V(P1)…
EX:
+, S + have/has + never + O…= This is + The ordid number S + have/has + V(P2)
Super-lative
EX:
5. Relative clause.
+, type: Definding relative clause.
Non-definding relative clause.
+, special relative clause: Have nothing R.C is the object.
Sentence is D.R.C.
R.C is the subject.
V_ing Sentence is active form and R.D.C. .
V_ed Sentence is R.D.C and in passive form.
6. Comparative forms.
+, comparison with “than” :
S + V(depend on tense) +(more) Adj_er + Than + O
+, special comparison :
-, S + V(depend on tense) + (more)Adj1 and (more)Adj2.
-, The(or a,an, this, that) + (more)Adj_est + S + V, The(or a,an, this, that) + (more)Adj + S + V.
Ex: the older he is, the more handsome he is.
To be.
Full verb.
+, super-lative:
S + V + the + (most)Adj + O….
+, comparison with “ as … as “ :
S + V + as + Adj + as + O…
+, advance comparison:
-, Use “ would rather “ : S+ V1(st)(N1) + than + V2(st)(N2)…
-, Use “ prefer “ : S + prefer + V1_ing(N1) to + V2_ing(N2)…
7. So_that and such_that.
+, S + V + so + adj + that + clause.
Adj + Noun
+, S(this, it…) + such + a(an, the…) + noun phrase + that + clause.
+, Reverse structure: So + Adj + to be + S + that + clause.
Such + to be + Noun phrase + that + clause.
8. Too and enough.
+, S + V + too +adj + for + Sb + to V…
+, S + V + (not) + Adj + enough(opposite) + for Sb + to V…
9. Gerund and infinitive.
+, gerund(V_ing)<notes: gerund is always is singular subject>
ü Afraid of, angry about, good at, clever at, crazy about/at, disappointed about/at, excited about, famous about, fed up with, fond of, glad about, happy about, interested in, keen on, pround of, sick of, sorry about, tired of, be used to, worried about, accuse of( buộc tội), agree with, apologize for, believe in, blame for(đổ tội cho), complain about, concentrate on, congatulate on, deal with, decide against(quyết định chống lại), depend on. dream about, feel like, get used to, insist on(cố làm gì), look forward to, prevent sb from st, rely on(tin tưởng vào), succeed in, specialize in(chuyên về), talk about, think of, warn sb against, worry about, carry on.
ü Admit, avoid, carry, consider, delay, deny, dislike, can’t help, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine, include, involve(đòi hỏi), justify(bào chữa), keep, mind, miss, practise, rise, suggest, appreciate(đánh giá), postpone, report, recall(nhớ lại), quit, can’t stand.
+, infinitive(To_V):
Appear, arrange, ask, begin, care, cease(ngừng lại), choose, claim(đòi hỏi), continue, decide, demand, deserve, dread(khiếp sợ), expect, fail, get, happen, hesitate(ngần ngại), hope, intend(có ý định), learn, like, manage, need, want, offer, order, plan, prepare, pretend(giả vờ), promise, propose, refuse, seem(dường như), swear, threaten(đe dọa), wait, would like, invite, beg(nài nỉ), convinse(thuyết phục), persuade(thuyết phục), urge(thúc giục), attempt(cố gắng), remind(nhắc nhở), tend.
+, use both V_ing, to_V:
-, remember/forget To_V: nhớ để làm gì.
V_ing: nhớ đã làm gì.
-, try To_V: cố gắng làm gì.
V_ing: thử làm gì.
-, stop To_V: dừng 1 việc để làm 1 việc khác.
V_ing: dừng hẳn 1 việc đang làm.
-, regret To_V: lấy làm tiếc về 1 việc sắp xảy ra.
V_ing: lấy làm tiếc về 1 việc đã xảy ra.
-, mean To_V: có ý làm gì.
V_ing: có nghĩa là gì(words).
-, allow To_V: cho phép ai làm gì
S + allow + sb + to_V.
V_ing: ai được phép làm gì.
S + allow + V_ing.
10. Passive voice.
+, Regular types:
-,present: Simple: S + am/is/are + V_ed/P2 + O.
Continuous: S + am/is/are + being + V_ed/P2 + O.
-, past: Simple: S + was/were + V_ed/P2 + O.
Continuous: S + was/were + being + V_ed/P2 + O.
-, prefect: Present: S + have/has + been + V_ed/P2 + O.
Pass: S + had +been + v_ed/P2 + O.
-, future: S + will +be + V_ed/P2 + O.
+, Imperative(almost sentence in this type are in present form):
-, (Don’t) Let + S(sb/st) + be + V_ed/P2.
+, Modal verb:
-, S + Modal verb + be + V_ed/P2 + O…
+, Special types(gerund and infinitive):
a, Present: S + see(hear, look, observe…) + O1 + Vo/V_ing + O2…
Passive: O1 + be + seen(heard, looked, observed…) + Vo/V_ing + O2…
b, Present: S + V(like, love…) + O1 + V_ing + O2.
Passive: S + V(like, love…) + O2 + being + V_ed/P2 + by O1.
c, Present: S+ V(like, want, would like…) + O1 + To_V + O2…
Passive: S + V(like, want, would like…) + O2 + To be + V_ed/P2 + by O1.
d, Present: S + recommend/suggest + V_ing + O.
Passive: S + recommend/suggest + O + should be + V_ed/P2…
e, -, S1 + V(say, know, believe, present..) + S2 + Vs/es (1).
S2 + To be + V_ing (2).
S2 + V_ed/P1 (3).
S2 + Was/were + V_ing (4).
S2+ Have/has + V_ed/P2 (5).
S2 + Have/has + Been + V_ing (6).
S2 + Will/shall + Vo (7).
-, Transfer to passive:
(1) and (7) : S2 + am/is/are + V_ed/p2 + To + Vo.
(2) : S2 + am/is/are + V_ed/p2 + To + be V_ing
(3) and (5): S2 + am/is/are + V_ed/p2 + To + have V_ed/P2.
(4) and (6): S2 + am/is/are + V_ed/p2 + To + have been V_ed/P2.
11. Conditional Sentence.
+, One-conditional(to describe real situation in present).
-, If clause(present simple/present perfect), Main clause(will/shall + Vo).
(modal verb + Vo).
(imperative).
+, Two-conditional(to describe unreal situation in present).
-, If clause(past simple/past continuous), Main clause(would/could + Vo).
{Notice: always use “were” for S}
+, Three-conditional(to describe unreal situation in past).
-, If clause(past perfect), Main clause(would/could/might + have + V_ed/P2).
12. Reported Speech.
+, Change in tenses.
-, Tenses(back 1 tense): Present simple à Past simple.
Present continuous à Past continuous.
Present perfect à Past perfect.
Past simple à Past perfect.
Past continuous à Past perfect continuous.
Past perfect à No change.
Wil/shall à Would.
-, Times: Tomorrow à The following day.
Next à The next +…/following +…
Yesterday à The previous day/The day before.
Last à The previous +…
Now à Then.
To day à That day.
…Ago à …Before.
-, Place: This à That.
Here à There.
+, Question:
-, Wh-question: S1 + Wondered + Wh + S2 + V(back 1 tense).
Wanted to know
-, Yes/no question: S1 + Wondered + Whether/if + S2 + V(back 1 tense).
+, No change in tense:
-, Model verbs.
-, Advise structures: Use “should/ought” to or” had better” or” if I were you T would…”.
-, Conditional 2 and 3.
-, time clause in past.
-, Report with verb in present like: say, want to know…
Bạn đang đọc truyện trên: Truyen247.Pro