1st-year spells

For duelling

Petrificus Totalus - Body-binding Curse

Locomotor Mortis - Leg-locking curse

Tripping jinx - Unknown, nonverbal 

Other spells

Finite Incantatem/Finite - Counterspell

Wingardium Leviosa - Levitation charm

Lumos - 'Light' charm

Nox - Countercharm of Lumos

Scourgify - Cleaning charm

Tergeo - Siphoning charm used to clean surfaces of dust and liquids

Alohomora - Unlocking charm

2nd-year spells

Duelling spells

Expelliarmus - Disarming charm, works ONLY when a person has a wand in their hand.

Incendio - Creates a jet of flame from the castor's wand, the more skilled the castor, the more powerful the spell is.

Serpensortia - Serpent summoning spell

Protego - Shielding charm, protects the castor against most jinxes, curses and hexes. Does not work for the Killing Curse

Protego Totalum - Advanced version of the shielding charm, can be used for protecting an area from jinxes, hexes and curses.

Rictusempra - Tickling Charm

Flipendo - Knock back charm

Other spells

Aparecium - Turns ink invisible

Obscuro - Blindfolding spell

'point me' - Literally used for finding things, eg. "point me, Harry Potter"

Reparo - Repairing spell

3rd-year spells

Duelling spells

Tarantallegra - Dancing charm

Stinging Hex - Unknown

Other spells

Riddikulus - Boggart repelling charm

Engorgio/Reducio - Enlargement/Reducing charm

Ferula - Simple medical spell, which bandages and splints a broken limb

Impervius - Mainly used to 'weatherproof' an object.

4th-year spells

Duelling spells

Densaugeo - Bucktooth Hex, causes victim's teeth to grow at an alarming rate

Furnunculus - Causes the victim to break out in extremely painful boils, which becomes more painful when burst.

Impedimenta - Mainly used to trip or knock back the victim

Incarcerous - Binds a victim with magically conjured ropes

Stupefy - Stunning spell

Other spells

Salvio Hexia - Anti-Hexing charm

Episkey - Healing spell, heals minor injuries

Avis - Conjures a flock of birds, can be used for offensive purposes

Diffindo - Cutting/Severing Charm, does not work on living things

Sonorus/Quietus - Magnifies voice/Lowers voice

Accio/Oicca - Summoning/Banishing charms

Reducto - Causes solid objects to explode, can be used for harmful purposes

Special duelling spells (of harmful nature)

Sectumsempra - Cutting charm, lethal

Crucio - Torture curse, Unforgivable

Tormento - Torture curse, mild against Crucio

Imperio - Controlling curse, Unforgivable

Avada Kedavra - Killing Curse, Unforgivable