Well, hello guys! I do apologize if it took me a long time AGAIN to update this thread. I've been busy and the second semester is getting crazier day by day. But! I have a good news for everyone. Are you wondering why "FROM THE START!" is the title of this chapter? If you are, it's because i'm starting all over again.  That's right. ALL OVER AGAIN. FROM THE VERY START.

I noticed that this thread does have a lot of readers so I want this to be organized. I'm planning to start from scratch and delete the previous posts. I want to make this to start to where it should be started and such. It's hard if I only post words and you'll just memorize it. I want us to learn step by step. :)

I decided on this when, after sooooo long years, I found my very first ENGLISH-KOREAN PRACTICAL CONVERSATION DICTIONARY. (All Romanized). I got this book when I was still in elementary. It was a gift from my father and a very reliable source if you want to study Korean. It was published in 1984 and I don't know if there are copies here in Philippines or other country because my father bought it in Korea.

If you're interested, check the photo --> (It's really old, obviously.)

SO THERE! Let's start?

SOUND CHANGES

Changes of certain sound are necessary for the linking word without a pause.

1. When a consonant p, t, k or l are in the end of the word followed by a vowel, they are pronounced as b, d, g or r respectively.

Examples:

Papi (which means rice) : PABI

Otomokta (which means beg food): ODOMOKTA

Pyoki (which means wall): PYOGI

Pyolul (which means star): PYORUL

2. If the combinations are -ln-, -mr-, -ngr-, or -nr-, the sound changes as follows:

Hilnan (which means blame) : Hillan

yomrto (which means concern) : Yomnyo

sungri (which means victory) : Sungni

Panran (which means rebellion) : pallan

3. When consonants K, P or T are followed by H, M, N, R or S of the next word, the sound changes as follows:

kukhwa (which means chrysanthemum) :  kuk'wa

kukmin (which means nation) : kungmin

paeknyon (which means a hundred years) : paengnyon

mokryon (which means magnolia) : mongnyon

kuphan (which means urgent) : kup'an

chipmada (which means every house) : chimmada

apmun (which means front gate) :  ammun

sopri (which means providence) : somni

mathida (which means hit) : mach'ida

kojitmal (which means lie) : kojinmal

motnan (which means plain) : monnan

kkaekuthan (which means clean) : kkaekut'an

matsumnida (which means be right) : massumnida

KOREAN GRAMMAR

THE ARTICLES

 In Korean language, unlike English, we should have a, an, the and likes. A one word may contain them already. Like kae (dog) may mean the dog, a dog, dogs or the dogs depending on the context.

PRONOUNS

I - nanun ; naega

we - urinun ; uriga

my - naui (na-u-i) (if you read UI, U pronounced as E in the word of TAKEN; and I pronounced as WE)

our - na ege ; narul

us - uri ege ; urirul (if it is simply U, it is pronounced as oo in BOO or E in the word TAKEN)

you- tanshinun ; tangshini

your - tangshinui

you (plural) - tangshinege ; tangshinul

he - kuunu; kuga

his - ku ui

him - kurul ; kuege

she - ku yojaga; ku yojanun

her (possesive) - ko yojaui

her - ku yojarul ; ku yoja ege

they -  kudurun, kuduri

their - kudurui

them - kudurege ; kudurul

ADJECTIVES

The position of adjective in Korean Language is BEFORE the noun. Korean adjective, like English, modifies noun by placing it before the noun. 

HUIN CHANGMI which means white rose

YEPPUN SONYO which means pretty girl

CHAEMIINNUN CH'AEK which mean interesting book.

SENTENCE:

I have a white rose.

Translation: Nanun huin changmirul kajigo issumnida.

Other function of adjective like in English is descriptive of the subject.

HUIMNIDA which means  iswhite

YEPPMNIDA which means is pretty.

NOTICE that these words don't mean white or pretty but IS WHITE and IS PRETTY

This rose is white : I changminun huimnida.

This book is interesting : I ch'aegun chaemiissumnida.

VERBS

A characteristic of the Korean sentence is the verd expressio at the END of the sentence. The verb in Korean function as either SOMETHING HAPPENS, SOMEONE DOES SOMETHING or SOMETHING IN A CERTAIN MANNER.

Position of the verb

Note that the korean verb is placed AT THE END.

I read a book.

Translation: I (nun) a book (ul) read. = Na nun ch'aek ul iksumnida.

VERB STEM AND SUFFIX

The verb in Korean consists of one verb stem plus one or more suffixes. For instances, the verb ODA which means to COME takes the suffixes of the following manner:

O- means to come

O-mnida means come

O-pshida means let's come

O-mnikka means do (you) come

In Korean dictionary, verbs are shown in present tense ending with -da.

KADA means I/ YOU/ WE/THEY GO or TO GO

ODA means I/YOU/WE/THEY COME or TO COME

However, in ordinary conversation the above forms of present tense are rarely heard. Instead, the suffixes like -mnida after a vowel or -umnida after a consonant are very common. Please note tht there are certain patterns one can make from the examples which can be applied in making other various verb forms.

PRESENT TENSE

VOWEL: SADA (to buy)  SAMNIDA

CONSONANT: CH'AMTA (to endure) CH'AMUMNIDA

PAST TENSE

VOWELS: (word-suffix NOTE THAT DIFFERENT SUFFIXES ARE USED IN DIFFERENT VOWELS)

A = SADA (bought) SA-SSUMNIDA

O = SSODA (shot) SSO-ASSUMNIDA

E = PEDA (cut) PE-OSSUMNIDA

I = KIDA (crept) KI-OSSUMNIDA

U = CHUDA (gave) CHU-OSSUMNIDA

HA = HADA (did) HA-YOSSUMNIDA

ODA (came) WASSUMNIDA

CONSONANTS

A+Consonant = CH'AMTA (endured) CH'AMASSUMNIDA

O+Consonnt = NOKTA (melted) NOG-ASSUMNIDA

OTHER VOWELS + CONSONANT:

CHOPTA (folded) CHOB-OSSUMNIDA

IPTA (wore) IB-OSSUMNIDA

MUTTA (asked) MUR-OSSUMNIDA

FUTURE TENSE

Vowel (-gessumnida)

SADA (I will buy) SA-GESSUMNIDA

HADA (I will do) HA-GESSUMNIDA

Consonant

IPTA (I will wear) IP-KESSUMNIDA

 MUTTA (I will ask) MUT-KESSUMNIDA

OMISSION OF SUBJECT

Like other language, it is not unusual in Korean languag to drop the subject of the suntence particularly when meaning is obviously without mentioning the details.

KAMNIDA means GO may mean I am going, You are going, He is going, She is going or We are going. 

KAMNIKKA which means GO? may mean Is he going?, Is she going?, Are you going? or Are they going?

Taegue kamnida (TAEGU TO GO)

Translation : (I'm) going to Taegu.

Naeil Taegue kamnida (TOMORROW TAEGU TO GO)

Translation: (I'm) going to Taegu tomorrow.

Nanun naeil Taegue kamnida (I TOMORROW TAEGU TO GO)

Translation: I'm going to Taegu tomorrow.

DECLARATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE

Unlike English, Korean language has different suffixes for declarative and interrogative sentence respectively. The suffix -DA is used for declarative and -KKA for interrogative.

SONYONI KAMNIDA = The boy is going.

SONYONI KAMNIKKA? = Is the boy going?

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Negative of Korean verbs may be formed in several ways but the easiest is simply to add the negative word AN which means NOT before the werb.

Kamnida = He's going.

An kamnida = He's not going.

Kamnikka? = Are you going?

An kamnikka? = Aren't you going?

Another negative word that comes in handy is MOT which means CAN'T or UNABLE TO

Kamnida = I'm going

Mot kamnida = I can't go.

Kamnikka? = Is she going?

Mot kamnikka? = Can't she go?

YES OR NO

When Korean speakers answer YES or NO questions, they agree or disagree with as in, "Yes, we have no apples."

Question in English: Do you like Korea?

Answer in English : Yes, I do like it or No, I don't like it.

Answer in Korea: No, I do like it or Yes, I don't like it.

Please be noted with this.

I'll post another update soon! :)