( this book is fairly messy but i hope it is helpful!)

RIOT CONTROL

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What is happening in Chile?

CHILE'S centre-right President Sebastian Pinera cancelled two international summits in the wake of widespread rioting and unrest.

At least 18 people have been killed during the riots over the past weeks.

What is happening in Chile right now and why are there riots?

Riots have broken out in Chile right across the country with at least 18 people dead and 7,000 arrested.

The trouble, sparked by a rise in subway prices, has escalated with the country's President declaring a state of emergency in the capital and five other cities.

Several days of rioting, arson and vandalism have taken place in protest to the price change.

President Sebastian Pinera had declared a state of emergency in the capital

Pinera scrapped the fare increase on Saturday in a bid to stop to the chaos, two weeks after it launched.

He also revealed plans to "reduce excessive inequalities, inequities abuses, that persist in our society."

He also sacked his cabinet.

Authorities estimated that millions of dollars worth of damage had been caused to businesses, the subway and buildings.

Chilean businesses lost more than £1bn and the Santiago's metro suffered nearly £308m in damages.

The UN high commission on human rights is sending a team to Chile to investigate allegations of human rights abuses against demonstrators, amid a swell of furious street protests over inequality, falling wages and the rising cost of education and healthcare.

"Having monitored the crisis from the beginning I have decided to send a verification mission to examine reports of human rights violations in Chile," the high commissioner and former Chilean president Michelle Bachelet announced on Twitter.

Pinera withdrew from hosting the APEC summit in November and a climate summit to focus on the unrest in the country.

Pinera said in a televised address: "This has been a very difficult decision that causes us great pain.

"A president always has to put the needs of his countrymen first."

The US and China had been expected to sign a trade deal to the ongoing trade way that has hurt the global economy.

The climate summit, the the high-profile COP25, was meant to be international gathering on climate change in December.

Where is Chile?

Chile is a long, narrow country in South America on the southern west coast.

It covers an area of 291,930 square miles and has a population of 17.5million people, according to the 2017 census.

It's capital is Santiago.

Chile is bordered Peru to the north, Bolivia to the north-east and Argentina to the east.

( spanish ) ;

¿Qué pasó anoche en Curacautín y Victoria? El lunes pasado organizaciones indígenas se tomaron cinco municipalidades en La Araucanía, entre esas las comunas ya señaladas, dentro del marco de la huelga de hambre de Celestino Córdova y otros ocho comuneros mapuche en Angol

Durante este domingo, un centenar civiles de Curacautín -en pleno toque de queda- rodeó el municipio exigiendo que desalojaran el lugar y comenzaron los enfrentamientos. Habitantes de la comuna quemaron dos vehículos que correspondían a comuneros

Ahora #Curacautin gran cantidad de personas civiles llegan al municipio que se encuentra en toma por comuneros mapuches, llegan expulsarlos del edificio municipal se generan enfrentamientos a esta hora 

Según informó biobío, el alcalde Jorge Saquel había pedido que desalojaran el municipio "por medio del diálogo" y señaló que esto era un problema de seguridad criticando que personal de http://FF.EE. no se presentaba en el lugar. Llegaron pasada las 23 horas

https://facebook.com/CanalCaracautinTv/videos/303588164330722/

From Pinochet to Piñera, Chile's secondary school students have long been a potent political force

The upsurge in state repression of recent protests in Chile has echoes of the Pinochet era, but so too does the role played by school students in resisting it and trying to build a fairer society, writes Richard Smith (University of Liverpool).

On 6 October 2019, the price of a ride on Santiago's metro system rose by 30 Chilean pesos to around £0.90 (US$1.15). In protest, groups of secondary school pupils began to jump the turnstiles, and before long this simple act of disobedience had exploded into mass fare evasions, widespread violence, arson, and looting, as well as a backlash of arrests, injuries, and fatalities.

columbia;

Tw // death , police brutality

Thread of what is happening in Colombia because we need more people to know and speak up for us

First, in november, 2019 we started protests due to unfair decisions the government has taken.

There the ESMAD started to attack all the one who were protesting. Beating us, throwing pepper spray towards us

But things started to get darker when ESMAD killed an inocent student during the protests.

His name is Dilan Cruz. He didn't "die", he was murderer.

Say his name.

Recently due to quarantine police brutality have increased.

They have abused of their power since all this started, but the braking point was when to police officers killed Javier Humberto Ordoñez using tasers, for walking around in a quarantine night.
For this potests have started again

(You can check
@YourAnonCentral on twitter
, they are helping sharing a lot of videos of police brutality during the protests. Be careful, some of them are graphic)

I am not making this in order but, important points:

•Social leaders have been murderer since so long.

•They have been killing indigenous too.

WHATS HAPPENING IN COLUMBIA?

This reform will make the working and middle class pay a 19% tax on services like:

+ water
+ gas
+ electricity
+ internet
+ sewerage

and essentials like: meat, fish, milk, eggs, cheese, gasoline, medication, tampons, books, and rice.

This reform will also impose new income taxes  on people who earn more than $700 USD A MONTH!!!

THE MINIMUM COLUMBIAN SALARY IS ONLY $260 USD A MONTH!!!

Columbian's Economy was crushed from the pandemic, it has led to unemployment rates above 14%,  poverty, hunger and widespread economic devastation.

The tax reform bill was yet another slap in the face by the columbian government during a crisis.

APRIL 28 - MAY 3 2021

THERE IS A HUMANITARIAN CRISIS OF THE STATE POWERS OVER HUMAN BEINGS.

PEOPLE ARE BEING KILLED BY POLICE!

1,089 cases of police brutality
27 homocides in the hands of police
6 victims of sexual abuse
726 arbitrary arrests from police
846 injured people
12 people have lost their eyes due to police violence

After two days of strike, the president announced that the "tax reform bill would be re-written".

This fails to address necessary reforms across other social sectors that effect the working class:

Health reform
Retirement reform
Labor reform

Five civilians and one police officer die in Colombia protests
By Jack Guy and Radina Gigova, CNN

Updated 8:04 AM ET, Sun May 2, 2021 At least five civilians and one police officer have died during protests against a government tax reform in Colombia since the start of unresrt this week, the country's Ombudsman said Saturday.

Ombudsman Carlos Camargo said three civilians died in the city of Cali, one civilian in Bogota, one civilian in Neiva and one police officer in Soacha, citing figures from the Attorney General's Office. Three more deaths are being investigated, Camargo said.
At least 179 civilians and 216 police officers have been injured since the start of the protests, he added. "The crude violence of the last three days, which doesn't stop, is an attack against the right to protest, and therefore authorities have the obligation not only to combat vandalism, but to accompany and guarantee a peaceful protest," Camargo said.
The mayor of the city of Cali, Jorge Iván Ospina, addressed President Ivan Duque in an emotional video on Friday.
"Mr. President, the tax reform is dead. We don't want it to cause more deaths. Please, withdraw it, I am asking you for this on behalf of the people of Cali," said Ospina. "I want to invite the whole Cali public to specifically reflect on the importance and value of life," Ospina said.
Authorities impose curfew in Bogota after protests turn violent
Authorities impose curfew in Bogota after protests turn violent
Defense Minister Diego Molano, who has been in Cali to monitor the situation, said Saturday at a press conference that "according to intelligence information, criminal and terrorist acts in Cali correspond to criminal organizations and terrorists" and that authorities are working to determine who are those who stand behind "all these nefarious acts that have affected Cali."At least 4,000 soldiers and police officers were mobilized on Friday in the city and are prepared for the demonstrations on Saturday, Molano said.
Why vulnerable migrants say they'll reject the Covid-19 vaccine in Colombia
Why vulnerable migrants say they'll reject the Covid-19 vaccine in Colombia
After the initial clashes on Wednesday, President Ivan Duque announced he is amending his tax proposal, which will no longer include a sales tax on food, utilities and gasoline, and will scrap the increase of the income tax. Nixon Valera, a 42-year-old Venezuelan migrant selling empanadas in the streets of Bogota, does not want to receive vaccination against Covid-19.

"You have to be brave to take the vaccine right now, how do you know what happens with the secondary effects? There's a lot of misinformation going on, we know nothing, and I trust nobody," he told CNN.
Valera himself developed Covid-19 symptoms last year and said he missed three days of work while recovering from it. He later tested positive for the virus in a rapid antigen test, but his fear of getting vaccinated is independent of his own encounter with the virus, he said.
His son Christian, 17, is similarly vaccine averse. "I don't want to have anything to do with it, the vaccine, the virus, nothing at all," said Christian, who works in construction.
Next door is a hair salon where Liliana Reyes, 28, works. Also a migrant from Maracaibo, Venezuela, Reyes equally does not want to take the vaccine -- "Me? You must be crazy, I'll never take it!"
Latin America's grueling battle with Covid-19 isn't letting up
Latin America's grueling battle with Covid-19 isn't letting up
The opinion of these vaccine-skeptical Venezuelan migrants might be a stark contrast with the current worldwide run on vaccines -- but such marginalized communities could be key to Colombia's national vaccine rollouts. Inoculation campaigns are effective only if the majority of the population embraces them, and any small community's refusal to get on board could undermine the broader effort.

Latin America has been one of the regions most affected by coronavirus across the world, and new variants are emerging which could accelerate the spread of the virus. But the region presents two significant obstacles to widespread vaccination campaigns: Challenging logistics required to reach many communities in rural and mountainous areas, and highly marginalized populations like ethnic minorities, migrants and informal workers who may struggle to access social services.
Colombia commenced vaccinations on February 17, and while the arrival of the vaccine was celebrated, the real work starts now to inoculate en masse. As a resurgence of the coronavirus spreads across the continent, just about 2% of Colombia's population has been fully vaccinated. Venezuelan migrants are as eligible as Colombian citizens for the vaccine due to their Temporary Protected Status, announced this February by President Ivan Duque.
A health worker prepares a dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine at a drive-thru vaccination center in of Bogota, Colombia.
A health worker prepares a dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine at a drive-thru vaccination center in of Bogota, Colombia.
Hugh Aprile, the country director for Colombia at international NGO Mercy Corps, which manages three field operations providing legal and medical assistance to Venezuelan migrants, told CNN in March that convincing migrants was proving a challenge -- and could become a defining challenge for Colombia's vaccination efforts.
"Many Venezuelans don't trust the vaccine. They worry that it will harm and maybe even kill them. So one of our priorities now is to educate Venezuelans about the safety of the vaccine alongside providing continued humanitarian assistance," Aprile told CNN.
While vaccine hesitancy among certain communities in the United States is well-documented, there are few surveys specifically addressing marginalized communities in Latin America, such as Venezuelan migrants.
According to government estimates, there are almost 2 million Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, a country of 50 million. Most Venezuelans arrived in recent years after fleeing the economic crisis in their home country, and are not fully integrated within Colombian society, which can make keeping track and getting in touch with them for programs like the vaccine rollout difficult. Many don't have ID cards or health insurance; others live in Colombia without the proper documentation or work informally. Several Venezuelan migrants who spoke with CNN for this piece cited the precariousness of their existence as a factor in concern about the Covid-19 vaccine. "I have a son who's two years old. I'm worried for him: if I take the vaccine, and some side effect appears and I cannot work, who looks after him?" said Valera. His family has little in the way of savings to get through sick days.
Others fear the vaccines could provoke side effects that prevent them from working or might require further health assistance which they are not entitled to receive because they don't have proper documentation.
They are not the only marginalized people in Colombia skeptical of its vaccination campaign. After decades of guerrilla war, Colombia is home to a vast number of internally displaced people who also live in the margins of society and view the government of President Iván Duque Márquez with general wariness.
Some of Valera's Colombian neighbors in the working class neighborhood of Usme, for example, said they did not trust the government's pledge to inoculate in an equal way. "This is a very poor neighborhood and the government has forgotten about us: I stopped believing them a long time ago," said Lilian Escobar, a 50-year old Colombian woman who added that she'd refuse to take the vaccine if she had the opportunity.
Her husband Ricardo Rivaldo says he doubted the pandemic was real for months, but that spiking case numbers in Brazil have now convinced him of the urgent need for vaccination. While his wife pours coffee and criticizes Colombia's health bureaucracy, Rivaldo slams a cup on the kitchen counter and declares, "They are useless for sure, but if you gave me a jab today, I'd take it straightaway!"
People who cannot work from home, like many of the low-income residents of Usme, may ultimately be most in need of the vaccine, Dr. Maribel Arrieta, an epidemiologist and member of the directors' board at Bogota's College of Doctors told CNN.
"If there are populations that don't vaccinate because of fear or hesitancy, that's a big problem. More than anything, because these marginalized populations are those most at risk to catch the virus, and spread it," she said. Valera, for example, is in close contact with hundreds of people every day as he sells snacks on the street.
Colombia is entering the second phase of its vaccination campaign, which prioritizes health personnel and citizens older than 60. Colombian health minister Fernando Ruiz has told CNN the vaccination plan will include vulnerable and marginalized populations in the fourth phase of the campaign.
But at current vaccination rates Colombia is not expected to reach that phase for at least two more months.
"These are people with access to information barriers and that present serious and chronic illnesses in higher degree than the rest of the population," said Ruiz, pledging to reach them no matter where they are in the country.
"If we have to, we'll go by boat, on the back of a mule or hiking rural trails."The United Nations' human rights office has accused Colombia's security forces of using excessive force against protesters.
The UN said it was particularly shocked by events in Cali on Monday, where it said police had fired on protesters.
It said that fatalities had been reported but it had not yet been able to verify how many.
On Monday, Colombia's ombudsman said at least 19 people had died during a week of unrest over proposed tax reforms.
Deadly clashes The ombudsman's office had at first put the number of those killed since the protests started at 17, but later revised that number upwards to 19. But that was before the fresh clashes which happened overnight in Cali, Colombia's third largest city.
Colombians take to the streets to oppose tax reform
Marta Hurtado, a spokeswoman for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said the UN had received reports of human rights defenders being harassed and threatened as well as protesters being injured and even killed in the city. Tens of thousands of Colombians joined protest marches in the country's major cities against a proposed tax reform.
Protesters took to the streets in defiance of a court order ruling that the marches should be postponed because of a current spike in Covid-19 cases.
Demonstrators clashed with riot police in several cities and one person is reported to have died in Cali in "an incident related to the demonstration".
The government says the reform is key to mitigating the economic crisis. Colombia's gross domestic product (GDP) dropped by 6.8% last year, its deepest crash in half a century, and the coronavirus pandemic has further driven up its unemployment rate.
Demonstrators clashes with police in the protests against the tax reform called by the labour unions, in Medellin, Colombia, 28 April 2021.
IMAGE COPYRIGHTEPA
image captionIn Medellín, police fired tear gas to disperse protesters
Colombia currently has one of the lowest tax revenues compared to other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In 2019, it collected 20% of GDP in taxes; only Mexico collected a smaller percentage among OECD countries.
Drummers participates in the day of demonstrations to reject the tax reform in Bogota, Colombia, 28 April 2021
IMAGE COPYRIGHTEPA
image captionArtists and musicians are among those who fear the tax reform will make them worse off
An indigenous person performs a ritual in front of the authorities after protesters knocked down the statue of the founder of the city, Spanish conqueror Sebastian de Belalcazar, during the protests against the tax reform called by the workers" centrals in Cali, Colombia, 28 April 2021.
IMAGE COPYRIGHTEPA
image captionThe protest in the city of Cali was joined by members of indigenous groups
The government of President Iván Duque argues that the time has come to increase the taxes it collects if it is to cover its spending. The proposed reform would lower the threshold at which salaries are taxed, affecting anyone with a monthly income of $656 or more.
It would also eliminate many of the current exemptions enjoyed by individuals, as well as increasing taxes imposed on businesses. The number of items on which value added tax (VAT) is charged would also increase. The proposal has caused outrage among many Colombians who say they are already struggling to feed their families during the pandemic.
The protest was organised by the country's biggest trade unions but was also joined by many middle-class Colombians and members of indigenous groups.
And while many of the demonstrators said they had turned out to oppose the tax reform, indigenous protesters in the city of Cali toppled a statue of Sebastián de Belalcázar, one of the conquistadors of Colombia in the 16th Century.

"What we can say clearly is that we have received reports, and we have witnesses, (of) excessive use of force by security officers, shooting, live ammunition being used, beatings of demonstrators and as well detentions," she told reporters in Geneva.
People also took to the streets on Monday in the capital, Bogotá, in Colombia's second largest city, Medellín, and in the northern city of Bucaramanga.
What kicked off the protests?
When the protests started on 28 April, they were mainly in opposition to a now shelved tax reform.
Colombians take to the streets to oppose tax reform
The government argued that the reform was key to mitigating Colombia's economic crisis. Its gross domestic product (GDP) dropped by 6.8% last year, the deepest crash in half a century, and the coronavirus pandemic has further driven up its unemployment rate.
The proposed reform would have lowered the threshold at which salaries are taxed, affecting anyone with a monthly income of 2.6m pesos ($684; £493) or more. It would also have eliminated many of the current exemptions enjoyed by individuals, as well as increasing taxes imposed on businesses.
It caused outrage among Colombians already battered by the pandemic and the protests were joined by many middle-class people who feared the changes could see them slip into poverty.
Why are people still on the streets?
Even though President Iván Duque announced on Sunday that he would withdraw the tax reform, protests have continued in Colombia's major cities.
The umbrella group which called for last week's protest has convened a fresh nationwide strike for Wednesday, saying that the withdrawal of the tax reform was not enough and that it also wants improvements to Colombia's pension, health and education systems.
But many of those who have taken to the streets since the president announced his u-turn on the tax reform said they were angry at the use of force by the security forces. More than 800 people are reported to have been injured in clashes between the police and demonstrators.

Police officials say that in many cases it was their officers who were attacked as they tried to prevent "criminal elements" from looting stores and torching buses. They say hundreds of officers have been wounded and at least one killed.
Colombia's defence minister said illegal armed groups had infiltrated the protests and were to blame for the demonstrations descending into chaos and vandalism.
What's the background?
It is not the first time that anti-government protests have turned deadly in Colombia.
In 2019, there was outrage when teenage protester Dilan Cruz died after being hit in the head by a police projectile.
And in September last year, at least seven people were killed in protests triggered by the deadly tasering of a man by police in the capital, Bogotá.

RIOT CONTROL What is happening in Chile?

CHILE'S centre-right President Sebastian Pinera cancelled two international summits in the wake of widespread rioting and unrest.

At least 18 people have been killed during the riots over the past weeks.

🇨🇱
CHILE WOKE UP
Neoliberalism was born in Chile and it will die here

We have united against the Dictatorship's 30 years legacy of austerity in demand for our people's dignity

Data gathered by the National Institute of Human Rights

source (dated march 2020)
Hospitals
Police stations
Lawsuits
Lawsuit types
Hospital

Injured

Total: ............................................................ 3.838
Men: ............................................................. 3.088
Women: ........................................................ 462
Minors: ......................................................... 288
Injury origin

Bullet: ........................................................... 53
Rubber bullet: ................................................ 193
Pellet shot: .................................................... 1.687
Tear gas canister: ........................................... 298
Physical violence: ........................................... 1.411
Unidentified: .................................................. 196
Eye injuries: .................................................. 460
Police stations

Arrests

Total: .......................................................... 11.389
Men: ........................................................... 8.076
Women: ...................................................... 1.733
Minors: ........................................................ 1.580
Abuse cases

Total ............................................................. 2.146
Sexual abuse ................................................. 257
Torture: ........................................................ 617
Excessive force: ............................................. 1.272
Lawsuits against police/military

Total: ............................................................ 1.805
Men: ............................................................. 1.071
Women: ........................................................ 364
Minors: .......................................................... 278
LGBTQ+: ....................................................... 20
Disabled: ....................................................... 13
Immigrants: ................................................... 8
Native people: ................................................ 7
Type

Murder: ......................................................... 6
Attempted murder: ......................................... 23
Sexual abuse: ................................................ 206
Torture: ........................................................ 1.083
Injury: .......................................................... 21
Unnecessary violence: ..................................... 91
Other: ........................................................... 34

The Dark Past Behind Chile's Protests
A comprehensive breakdown of the main causes of chilean revolution.

The Shock Doctrine documentary
How USA used Chile as a guinea pig to create Neoliberalism, aided mass murderer general Augusto Pinochet in the 73' coup d'etat against democratically elected socialist president Salvador Allende and the subsequent human right violations that made disappear thousands of communists whose remains have never been found to this day.

Chile's Security Forces Have Injured Hundreds
The New York Times coverage on the large anti-government protests in Chile have led to more than 1,500 injuries. Among the most common: those caused by pellet guns fired by security forces.
(First month of protests)

"It's Mutilation." The Police in Chile Are Blinding Protesters.
The New Yor Times correspondent goes inside an eye trauma unit in Chile that's responding to "an epidemic" of protesters who have been shot in the eye by police pellet guns.
Awarded 1st Place on NPPA and 1st Place Short Video on World Press Photo.