Largest producers of various crops in the India arranged from largest to the left most:

Rice: West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh

Wheat: Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh

Maize: Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh

Bajra: Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat

Total Nutri Cereals: Rajasthan, Karnataka, Maharashtra 

Total Pulses: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra.

Total Food Grains: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab

Total Oil-seeds: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat

Groundnut : Gujarat, Rajasthan, AP

Rapeseed and Mustard: Rajasthan, Harayana, Madhya Pradesh

Soyabean: Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan.

Sunflower: Karnataka, Bihar, Orissa

Cotton (Lint): Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana

Sugarcane: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka.

Raw Jute & Mesta: West Bengal, Bihar, Assam.

Tobacco: Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh.

Flowers (Loose): Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

Flowers (Cut): West Bengal, Maharashtra

Almond: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh.

Milk: Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan

Saffron: J&K

Mangoes: UP, Maharashtra, AP, Gujarat.

Pepper: Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu.

Cardamom (small): Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu.

Cardamom (large): Sikkim, West Bengal.

Ginger: Kerala, Meghalaya, Orissa, West Bengal

Coriander: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Assam.

Cumin: Gujarat, Rajasthan.

Garlic: Gujarat, UP

Vanilla: Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.

Clove: Tamil Nadu, Kerala.

Rubber: Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka.

Tea: Assam, West Bengal.

Coffee: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu

Mulberry Silk: Karnataka, J & K

Tassar Silk: Bihar.

Edible parts/ economically useful parts of various crops:

Cereals (Rice, Wheat, Maize, Barley etc.) => Seed (Grain)

Tea => Leaves

Coffee => Perisperm and seeds.

Cocoa => Seeds

Sugarcane => Sugar is extracted from the stem

Sugar-beet => Root tuber.

Tobacco => mainly from leaves.

Rubber => from the bark.

Cotton => from Cotton bolls/ capsules (which contain seeds, and each seed is surrounded by 10,000 to 20,000 fibers).

Jute => Jute fiber is obtained from stem, ribbon (outer skin of the plant), bast (inner bark).

Flax => Flax fiber from the bast or skin of the stem.

Hemp=> Hemp fiber is extracted from bast/bark

Silk => cocoons of the larvae of the silkworm mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori

Grapes (Vitis sp.) => non-climacteric fruit.

Banana (Musa sp.) => single (known as banana heart).

Mango (Mangifera sp.) => is a fleshy (Fruit)

Apple (Malus domestica) => is a fruit

Pineapples (Ananus comosus) => edible part is multiple fruit.

Coconut => edible part is fruit (endosperm).

Asparagus => The edible portion are the stems

Bamboo => The edible portion is the young shoot (culm).

Broccoli => The edible portion is stem, flower buds, and some small leaves.

Cauliflower => The edible portion is proliferated stem and flower tissue (inflorescence).

Cinnamon => The bark is used as a spice.

Fig => The edible portion is stem tissue. The fig "fruit" is actually an inverted flower with both the male and female flower parts enclosed inside stem tissue.

Garlic => The edible portion is predominantly swollen leaves with a bit of stem.

Ginger root => the edible portion is a branched underground compressed stem also referred to as a rhizome.

Onion => The edible portion is swollen leaves with a bit of stem. They are bulbs which, like garlic and leeks, are modified stems in which the primary storage tissue is expanded leaf bases. They come in white, yellow, and red varieties.

Potato => The edible portion is an underground stem that is also a tuber. The "eyes" of the potato are lateral buds. Potatoes come in white, yellow, orange, or purple-coloured varieties.

Radish => The edible portion is a root.

Rhubarb => The red or green stalks are the edible portion; the leaves are toxic.

Sugar cane => The edible portion is the inner stalk (stem)

Cabbage: Leaves (Vegetative bud)

Cucumber : Edible portion is fruit with seeds

Pepper : Spice is obtained from fruit

Clove : Dried unopened flower bud

Cardamom : Fruit and seeds

Turmeric : Dried Rhizome

Ginger : Rhizome

Chillies or Red Pepper : Fruit

Masticatory and Fumitory Plants:

Cola – Nuts (seeds)

Coca (Cocaine) – Leaves

Areca or Betelnut - Seed

Indian Hemp or Bhang is the source for three important narcotics, viz., bhang, ganja, charas or hashish

Bhang – mainly from dried leaves and attached stem pieces, sometimes with flowering shoots.

Ganja – dried female inflorescence

Charas or hashish – stick yellow exudation (resin) from the leaves and female inflorescences.

Medicinal Plants:

Quinine Tree (Cinchona sp.) – Drug quinine (malarial drug) is derived from the bark.

Foxglove (Digitalis sp.) – Drug digitalis (important cardiac stimulating drug) is derived from the dried leaves of the plant.

Rauwolfia – Drug rauwolfia (used for treatment of epilepsy, hypertension, insanity, schizophrenia, cardiac diseases and even snake-bites) is derived from the roots and the bark of the plant.

Opium Poppy – is a useful medicinal plant as well as a source of some highly dangerous and habit forming narcotic drugs especially heroin and morphine. Opium, the crude product obtained from the plant is the dried latex (resin). The crude opium contains about 40 alkaloids besides other compounds. The most important alkaloids are morphine, codeine, thebaine etc.

Morphine => is an analgesic and sedative used in medicine to relieve pain and anxiety. It is also used in number of cough syrups and to reduce blood pressure.

Heroin, a derivative of morphine (diacetyl morphine) is a still more powerful analgesic but is strongly habit forming.

Belladonna (deadly night-shade, devil's berries, death cherries) – Drug is obtained from leaves and tops of the plant. It contains various alkaloids like atropine, hyoscyamine. Both, atropine and hyoscyamine stimulate the nervous system and also the circulatory and respiratory systems and are effectively used as antidotes to opium. They are also used to reduce sweating and nasal secretions. Atropine is commonly used to dilate the pupil of the eye during eye tests and the drug has been used for long as an effective medicine for asthma and whooping cough.