Adjacency pairs: A set of two consecutive, ordered turns that “go together” in a conversation.

Anaphor: the second subsequent reference

Antecedent: initial reference

Backchannel: Provide support for the speaker in the form of short utterances

Co – text: the linguistic context referring to what has been said already in the utterances or the text surrounding a passage coming before or after it -> limits the range of possible interpretations we might have for a word used in an utterance.

Constative utterances : describe/ report events or state of affairs, be true or false, no performative verb -> the hearer is left to infer.

Content con: the appropriate content of an utterance (S predicates a future act of A of S

Conventional implicatures: certain expressions in language implicate by themselves, associated with specific words and result in additional conveyed.

Deictic center: speaker’s location.

deictic expression (Indexical): any linguistic form used to accomplish the pointing of deixis or expression produced in a particular context with a particular intention.

Deixis: a technical term for one of the most basic things we do with utterances, ‘pointing via language’.

Entailment(semantic concept): a relationship that applies between two sentences / propositions, where the truth of one implies the truth of the other because of the meanings of the words involved.

Espistemic context: what speakers know about the world.

Essential con: change the state in the speaker (S undertake an obiligation to do act A)

Face wants: people’s expectations concerning their public self - image

Felicity condition: condition that must be met for the valid performance of an illocutionary act.

Floor: The right thing to speak

Floor – holding device: People who wish to get the floor will wait for a possible Transition Relevance Place before jumping in -> They must avoid an open pause at the end of a syntactic unit -> They attempt to take the floor in order to protect their turn.

General condition: language is understood, no play – acting, nonsence. (S and H understand the language)

Hedge: cautious notes to indicate that speakers are aware of the maxisms and show that they are trying to observe them.

Honorifics: forms to show respect to higher status.

Indexical (deictic expression): any linguistic form used to accomplish the pointing of deixis or expression produced in a particular context with a particular intention.

Insertion sequence: one adjacency pair within another

Illocutinary act: performed with some kind of function via the communicative force of an utterance.

Locutionary act: the basic act of utterance, or producing a meaningful linguistic expression.

Negative face: the need to be independent of action and not to be imposed on by others. (show deference)

Pause: A speaker has to pause for breath, or runs out of things to say, or simply declares his or her contribution to be finished.

Perlocutionary act: indicates the effect the speaker wants to exercise over the hearer.

Performative utterance: not describe or report anything, no truth value, perform and describe the act itself

Physical context: we can think of this in terms of where the conversation is taking place, what objects are present, what actions are occurring,..

Politeness: in an interaction, can be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another person’s face.

Positive face: the need to be accepted and liked by others and to be treated as a member of the same group. (show solidarity)

Pragmantics: the study of the relationships between linguistic form and the users of those forms.

Preparatory con: Pre – existing conditions about the event (S believes that doing act A is in H’s best interest and that S can do A)

Presupposition (pragmantic concept):something the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance.

Projection problem: occurs when the meaning of some presuppositions (as parts) doesn’t survive to become the meaning of some complex sentence (as wholes), and when entailment is more powerful than the presupposition.

Overlap: Both speakers are trying to speak at the same time with different meanings (communicates closeness or competition)

Reference: an act in which a speaker, or writer, uses linguistic forms to enable a listener, or reader, to identify something.

Semantics: the study of the relationships between linguistic form and entities in the world.

Sentence: a string of words put together by a grammatical rules of a language.

Sincertity con: the attitude and intention of the speaker to carry out a certain act (S intends to do act A)

Social context: the social relationship among speakers and hearers.

Speech acts: actions performed via utterances.

Speech event: a social activity in which participants interact via language in some conventional way to arrive at some outcome.

Syntax: the study of the relationships between linguistic forms, how they are arranged in sequence, and which sequences are well – formed.

T/V distinction: the distinction between forms used for a familiar vs. non – familiar addressee.

Turn: Having control of floor at any time -  Transition Relevance Place (TRP)

Turn taking: The speaker’s attempt to get control of turn

Utterance: a piece of language (a sequence of sentence, a single phrase or a single word) used by a particular speaker on a particular occasion.