FIRST AID RECURRENT

CHAPTER 1 – LIFE THREATENING MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND CPR

1. What is first aid?

A. Emergency care given to an injured or ill patient before medical assistance arrives (T)

B. First response to natural disasters

C. How to use a first aid kit

D. Medical treatment of an injured person

2. What is the first step in managing a first aid situation?

A. Move the casualty out of the car

B. Ask the casualty if they are in pain

C. Sit the casualty up

D. Check for danger, using all your senses (T)

3. How do you assist someone to be calm in a medical emergency?

A. Offer them a cup of tea

B. Listen and assist and reassure them (T)

C. Ignore them and hope they settle down

D. Take them to a doctor

4. When performing CPR, your hands should be placed

A. On the upper half of the casualty's chest

B. On the middle of the casualty's chest (T)

C. On the lower half of the casualty's chest

D. Two fingers from the base of the sternum

5. The speed of your chest compressions should be

A. 80 per minute

B. 60 per minute

C. 120 per minute

D. 100 per minute (T)

6. Approach the scene of a collapse or accident by using the DRS ABCD priorities. The letters DRS

ABC stand for: Danger, R................, Send for help, Airway, Breathing and Compression.

A. Response (T)

B. Resuscitation

C. Respiration

D. Rest

7. The unconscious casualty is placed in recovery position

A. To make them comfortable

B. To help maintain their airway open (T)

C. To improve their circulation

D. To make them easier to manage

8. The normal average pulse rate of an adult at rest is?

A. 40 to 60 beats per minute

B. 60 to 80 beats per minute (T)

C. 80 to 100 beats per minute

D. 100 to 120 beats per minute

1

9. A child's pulse in comparison to an adult's is?

A. The same

B. Slower

C. Faster (T)

10. What is the most important to manage an unconscious person?

A. Bleeding

B. Airway (T)

C. Fractures

D. Spinal injuries

11. How do you check for breathing?

A. Count the number of breaths

B. Check their pulse

C. Look, listen and feel for breaths (T)

D. Check the colour of their skin

12. What should you begin to do if after you check an unconscious person, he/she has no breathing and no pulse?

A. Call for help

B. Perform CPR (T)

C. Give defibrillation

D. Give ventilations

13. What is the rhythm of CPR?

A. 15 compressions and 2 breaths at the rate of 100 compressions per minute

B. 15 compressions and 2 breaths (5 cycles every 2 minutes)

C. 30 compressions and 2 breaths at the rate of 100 compressions per minute (T)

D. 30 compressions and 2 breaths (5 cycles every 2 minutes)

14. What does the B stand for in the ABC check? Airway, B............, Circulation?

A. Bleeding

B. Breathing (T)

C. Breaks (Fractures)

D. Bones

15. What is the ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths when performing CPR on an unconscious casualty?

A. 15 compressions to 2 breaths

B. 15 compressions to 4 breaths

C. 30 compressions to 2 breaths (T)

D. 30 compressions to 4 breaths

16. When should you stop doing CPR?

A. When the lips go blue - Cyanosis

B. After 10 cycles

C. After 15 minutes

D. Only when assistance has arrived (T)

2

17. What is the rate that you should be aiming for when performing chest compressions on an adult?

A. 10 per minute

B. 30 per minute

C. 100 per minute (T)

D. 120 per minute

18. How would you perform the consciousness checking?

A. By talking and touching. (T)

B. By looking, listening and feeling.

C. By shouting and shaking.

19. What is the chest compression-rescue breath ratio for a two-rescuer CPR on a child or infant?

A. 15:1

B. 30:2 (T)

C. 15:2

20. When would you stop performing resuscitation on a victim?

A. When the victim's heart starts beating again but he/she still has no breathing.

B. When the victim becomes cyanosis.

C. When the aircraft is landing. (T)

21. Can you perform chest compressions only while doing CPR?

A. Yes, if you are unwilling or unable to do rescue breathing (T)

B. No, CPR always combines chest compressions and rescue breaths.

22. How far should you press down on a child age 1 to 8?

A. 1/3 the depth of the chest with each compression. (T)

B. 1/2 the depth of the chest with each compression.

C. 5cm the depth of the chest with each compression.

23. Why is a recovery position used?

A. To prevent from spinal injury.

B. To prevent the airway from being obstructed by the tongue, mucus, or vomitus. (T)

C. To help the victim more comfortable.

24. What compression method should you use for an adult?

A. Heel of one hand, other hand on top. (T)

B. Heel of one hand only.

C. 2 fingers of both hands.

25. An infant is defined as a baby

A. Under two years old.

B. From 1 to 6 months old.

C. Under one year old.(T)

3

26. What does CPR stand for?

A. Call, Plan, Respond

B. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (T)

C. Coronary Pathogen Revival

27. What is the recommended chest compression to rescue breath ratio?

A. 15:1

B. 60:2

C. 30:2 (T)

28. At what age do children become adults in CPR terms?

A. 8

B. 10

C. 14 (T)

29. When you deliver the first rescue breath, what should you do if the victim's chest does not rise?

A. Give another breath

B. Perform the head tilt-chin lift (T)

C. Stop performing CPR

30. What type of breath should be given when performing rescue breath?

A. Shallow breath

B. Normal breath (until the victim's chest rises) (T)

C. Deep breath

31. Where is the chest compression landmark on an adult?

A. In the center of the chest (T)

B. Below the sternum

C. Below the nipple line

32. How should chest compressions be performed on an infant?

A. With the heel of one hand

B. With fingertips of both hands

C. With 2 fingers of one hand (T)

33. When is the time that CPR is highly effective?

A. CPR is highly effective when it is started immediately after a victim collapses and has no sign of breathing. (T)

B. CPR is highly effective when the victim's heart beats slowly and weekly.

C. CPR is highly effective when the victim has been unconscious for 10 minutes.

34. CPR should only be performed on:

A. A person who asks for help.

B. A severe bleeding person.

4

C. An unresponsive person who is not breathing. (T)

35. CPR can save lives.

A. True. (T)

B. False.

36. Who can perform CPR?

A. Anyone who is CPR certified or has received CPR training. (T)

B. Doctors only.

C. Emergency medical personnel only.

37. The purpose of CPR is to:

A. Help the victim stay warm.

B. Prevent the victim from going into shock.

C. Provide oxygen and blood circulation to the victim. (T)

38. To check if the victim is breathing, you should:

A. Listen for exhaled air.

B. Look at his/her chest to check the chest rise and fall.

C. Feel for exhaled air.

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

39. Which is incorrect CPR technique for an infant victim:

A. Give a firm back slap to his/her back to dislodge obstructions in the airway. (T)

B. Use 2 fingers on the sternum.

C. Give 2 small puffs of air from your cheeks, not from your lungs.

40. When should you stop CPR?

A. When you are no longer able to continue.

B. When the victim can breathe on his/her own.

C. All mentioned situations. (T)

41. When the victim begins to breathe on his/her own, you should:

A. Stop CPR and roll the victim on his/her side. (T)

B. Stop CPR and help the victim to a sitting position.

C. Continue to perform CPR until emergency personnel arrive.

42. When giving rescue breaths to an unconscious adult you should

A. Tilt the head back and block the victim's nose by your cheek. (T)

B. Make a good seal around the victim's mouth and nose.

C. Not block the victim's nose.

43. If your rescue breaths do not make the chest rise as in normal breathing, then you should:

A. Recheck that there is adequate head tilt and chin lift. (T)

B. Stop giving rescue breaths, do chest compressions only.

5

C. Not attempt more than two breaths each time before returning to chest compressions.

44. What are the benefits of putting a victim into the recovery position?

A. Free flow of fluids

B. Maintain an open airway

C. All mentioned situations. (T)

45. What should you do first when you encounter a person in need of medical assistance?

A. Check for danger (T)

B. Commence CPR

C. Determine responsiveness.

D. Check airway immediately.

46. 'No signs of life' means:

A. Can not move

B. Unconscious and cyanosis

C. Unconscious and not breathing normally (T)

47. When you commence CPR, following 30 chest compressions how many rescue breaths would

you give?

A. 2 (T)

B. 3

C. 1

D. 4

48. Which of these terms means 'CPR'?

A. The technique of chest compressions combined with rescue breaths. (T)

B. Basic life support flow chart.

C. The technique of doing emergency action principles.

49. You should begin CPR on an unconscious victim if:

A. You are advised to do so by bystanders who saw the victim collapse.

B. The victim has signs of breathing and circulation.

C. There is no response and no breathing. (T)

D. The victim stops breathing for 5 minutes.

50. The purpose of performing CPR is to:

A. Keep the victim's airway open.

B. Identify any immediate threats to life.

C. Supply the vital organs with oxygen-rich blood. (T)

D. All mentioned situations.

6

51. When would you stop performing resuscitation on a casualty?

A. When you are told by bystanders that the casualty was not breathing for 5 minutes before you began resuscitation.

B. When you hear a rib break.

C. When you are too physically exhausted to continue. (T)

D. All mentioned situations.

52. How deep should you press down on an adult's chest while giving chest compressions?

A. About 1/3 the depth of chest. (T)

B. About 2/3 the depth of chest.

C. About 1/2 the depth of chest.

53. When would you stop CPR?

A. When you break the victim's ribs.

B. After 20 minutes doing CPR but the victim has no sign of life.

C. When a doctor pronounces life extinct. (T)

57. You are called to care for an unconscious passenger, when checking the airway you find a foreign object in his mouth. You should immediately

A. Check breathing.

B. Clear the airway without turning him on side.

C. Turn him on side and clear the airway. (T)

58. A passenger was found lying on the floor, first you checked the scene to make sure it was safe to enter, and then you would

A. Check for his response. (T)

B. Try to pull him back to his seat.

C. Go to report to the Purser/Captain immediately.

59. Should you check breathing when performing CPR?

A. Yes, every 1 minute.

B. Yes, every 2 minutes.

C. No, we should not. (T)

60. How do you check the consciousness of the victim?

A. Talk to him only.

B. Talk and touch on his shoulders.

C. All mentioned situations. (T)

61. If the infant is not breathing, breathe gently air into the infant's nose and mouth, and remember

A. to tilt the infant's head fully backwards

B. not to tilt the head, but support the jaw (T)

C. to tilt the infant's head slightly backwards.

62. If you have to perform CPR in flight, during landing period you will

A. Call for medical assistance

B. Stop CPR (T)

C. Move victim to the back galley and continue CPR

7

63. A two-rescuer CPR means

A. One performs chest compressions while the other gives rescue breaths. (T)

B. One performs chest compressions and gives rescue breaths while the other counts aloud.

C. One performs chest compressions and gives rescue breaths while the other informs the Purser/Captain.

64. A bystander tells you that a person is unconscious and not breathing. You would

A. immediately begin CPR

B. put the victim on the recovery position and report to the Purser.

C. check response, check airway and breathing first. (T)

65. What is the first thing you would do when you arrive at the scene of an accident?

A. Control any bleeding.

B. Check breathing and pulse.

C. Assess the situation whether there is any danger. (T)

66. An unconscious victim with spinal injury must be:

A. rolled into a recovery position.

B. maintained on his back.

C. rolled into a HAINES recovery position. (T)

67. A woman in late pregnancy has special requirements for the delivery of CPR. What is the best position for her?

A. Position the victim in recovery position

B. Position the victim on her back with sufficient padding under the right buttock to give an obvious pelvic tilt to the left (T)

C. Position the victim on her back with her shoulders flat

68. When would you stop performing resuscitation on a victim?

A. When the victim's heart starts beating again but he/she still has no breathing.

B. When the victim becomes cyanosis.

C. When it is physically impossible to continue. (T)

69. While performing CPR you accidently break the victim's ribs. What should you do?

A. Stop CPR immediately to prevent the victim from further damage.

B. Recheck hand position and continue CPR. (T)

C. Keep doing CPR.

70. What should you do if you determine that the scene is in danger?

A. Help anyway, this is an emergency – but, be careful.

B. Get as close as you think is safe, try to see what happened, and then call for help.

C. Do not approach; call for help and report to the Purser/ Captain immediately. (T)

D. Do not approach; wait for someone else to take action.

71. How would you perform the consciousness checking?

A. By talking and touching. (T)

B. By looking, listening and feeling.

C. By looking and shaking.

D. By checking the pulse rate.

8

72. There are 2 steps in priorities of first aid. They are:

A. Survey the scene and conduct the primary survey

B. Conduct the primary survey and secondary survey (T)

C. Survey the scene and conduct the secondary survey

73. Steps of checking the head, back, abdomen, limbs ... and vital signs observation are belong to

A. The scene survey

B. The primary survey

C. The secondary survey (T)

74. Basic life support flow chart will help the first aider to:

A. Outline the approach to an incident and the primary survey. (T)

B. Outline the approach to an incident and CPR.

C. Outline the approach to an incident and the secondary survey.

9

CHAPTER 2 – MANAGEMENT OF ILLNESSES

1. What is the correct management of total obstruction choking for a conscious adult?

A. Abdominal thrusts only

B. Black blows only

C. 5 abdominal thrusts followed by 5 back blows

D. 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts (T)

2. The recognition of shock includes

A. Slow, deep breathes

B. Slow, strong pulse

C. Pale, clammy skin (T)

D. Flushed, dry skin

3. The management of shock includes

A. Heat the casualty

B. Keep the casualty upright

C. Lay them down with the head raised

D. Lay them down with legs raised (T)

4. Someone suffering from a heart attack would likely be

A. Flushed and dry skin

B. Pale and cold sweaty skin (T)

C. Pale and dry skin

5. Casualty suffering from a heart attack will complain of pain

A. In the jaw, back and shoulders

B. In the centre of the chest

C. Down the arm/arms

D. All mentioned situations (T)

6. Your colleague is complaining of breathlessness and a tight pain in the chest. You suspect a heart attack. What should you do?

A. Get him to lay down flat

B. Get him to sit down with the legs raised

C. Encourage him to stand up and move around slowly

D. Sit him in a comfortable position (T)

7. Management of a casualty with a suspected heart attack or angina includes

A. Walking around to encourage circulation

B. Treating for shock, lying down with legs raised

C. Lying in recovery position

D. Resting and positioning in a comfortable posture (sitting upright) (T)

8. During a heart attack the casualty will usually experience pain

A. In the centre of the chest (T)

B. In the back of the hand

C. Down the left leg

D. In the abdomen

10

9. How do you help someone who is choking and cannot breathe?

A. Ask them to drink a glass of water

B. Ask them to do a handstand

C. Hit them firmly on the back between the shoulder blades (T)

D. Encourage them to breathe through their nose

10. If someone is suffering from hypoglycemia, you give them

A. A sugar free drink

B. A yogurt or a diary snack

C. A sugary drink or snack (T)

D. Put them to bed to sleep it off

11. If a person has a seizure, how can you best assist?

A. Restrain them from moving or 'fitting'

B. Remove all objects around them to avoid injury (T)

C. Lay next to them and calmly reassure them

D. Pour some cold water on their face to make them aware you are nearby

12. A person suffering from shock should normally be?

A. Placed half sitting

B. Placed on their back with the head raised

C. Walked to aid poor circulation

D. Placed on their back with the legs raised (T)

13. What should you do to help someone who's having an asthma attack?

A. Help the person sit in a comfortable position and take their medication (T)

B. Help the person sit in a comfortable position and breathe into a paper bag

C. Advise the person to do some stretches and run around the block

D. Advise the person to lie down and take a rest

14. If someone is having a diabetic emergency, what should you do?

A. Give them a low-calorie drink, like diet coke.

B. Follow Basic life support flow chart. (T)

C. Give them bread or pasta.

D. Assist him to inject insulin.

15. Where would a person having a heart attack most likely feel pain?

A. In their chest (T)

B. In their lower abdomen

C. In their legs

D. In their head

16. How can you help someone who is having a seizure?

A. Tie them tightly

B. Put something in their mouth

C. Restrain them

D. Keep them safe from injury (T)

11

17. If you think someone is having a stroke, you must act FAST. What do the letters in F.A.S.T. stand for?

A. Fingers Arms Speech Time

B. Face Arms Speech Time (T)

C. Feet Arms Speech Time

D. Fingers Armpits Speech Talk

18. Which of the following is a recognition feature of a faint?

A. An abnormal pulse

B. A fast pulse

C. A slow pulse (T)

D. A pulse is not a recognition feature of a faint.

19. How can you help a passenger who is choking on some food and can't speak, breathe or cough it up?

A. Put your fingers down his throat to try to dislodge the obstruction

B. Do CPR immediately

C. Ask him to drink water and perform abdominal thrust

D. Give up to five back slaps between his shoulder blades (T)

20. What is the management of a conscious casualty who has diabetes and low blood sugar?

A. Give water

B. Give sugar (T)

C. Give insulin

D. Give nothing

21. What would you do first if you noticed a person in a restaurant choking on a piece of steak?

A. Grab the person from behind, clasp your hands in front of their chest and squeeze hard

B. Sit the person down and firmly push on their chest

C. Encourage the person to lean forward and try to cough up the steak (T)

D. Rub the person's back and offer them a drink of alcohol

22. What is the correct management of a choking infant (under 12 months)?

A. Alternate back blows with abdominal thrusts

B. Up to 5 back slaps with up to 5 chest thrusts (T)

C. Chest thrusts only

D. Back blows only

23. Which of the following are indications of an anaphylaxis (severe allergic attack)?

A. Swollen feet

B. Earache

C. Sensations around the tongue and lips, swelling and difficulty breathing (T)

D. Hiccups

24. How should you treat a child who is feeling faint?

A. Give them a glass of cold water or milk

B. Put them in the recovery position and call an for an ambulance

C. Sit them down for 5 minutes

D. Lay them down with legs raised. (T)

12

25. After giving back slaps and chest thrusts to a conscious choking victim, you should:

A. Ask the victim to cough.

B. Keep repeating back slaps and chest thrusts. (T)

C. Start CPR.

D. All mentioned situations.

26. A man is sitting quietly for a long time, he suddenly stands up and collapses on the aisle. He feels nausea and has numbness on his fingers, his skin is pale, cool and moist. You will

A. Lie him down and elevate his legs. (T)

B. Help him get back to his seat.

C. Turn him onto the lateral recovery position.

27. A passenger has choking due to eating hurriedly, his face becomes red and he coughs continuously. You come and

A. encourage the victim to cough in an attempt to expel the foreign object. (T)

B. give up to 5 sharp back slaps.

C. give up to 5 chest thrusts.

28. While eating dinner, a passenger suddenly starts to cough and make high-pitched noises.

You should:

A. Give back slaps immediately.

B. Give chest thrusts immediately.

C. Encourage your friend to continue coughing to try to dislodge the object. (T)

D. Help a passenger to lie down.

29. The most prominent symptom of a heart attack is:

A. Profuse sweating.

B. Pale skin.

C. Chest pain. (T)

D. Difficulty in breathing.

30. A passenger has diabetes. He also suffered a stroke a year ago. You find him lying on the floor unconscious. What should you do?

A. Phone his doctor for urgent advice.

B. Lift up his head and try to give him a sugary drink.

C. Follow the basic life support flow chart. (T)

D. Inject him with insulin by yourself.

31. In caring for the victim of seizure, you should:

A. Move any objects that might cause injury. (T)

B. Try to hold the person still.

C. Place a spoon between the person's teeth.

D. Try to keep the person upright.

32. A passenger has fallen from a chair when he tried to take something from the overhead locker. You find him a weak, rapid pulse and cool, pale skin. You would:

A. Rub the victim's hands and feet to assist circulation.

B. Offer the passenger a cup of hot, sweet tea.

C. Lie him down, elevate his legs and maintain body temperature. (T)

13

D. Sit him upright while reassuring him.

33. A woman collapses on the aisle. She appears confused, has difficulty speaking and she cannot raise her right arm. You would immediately:

A. Reassure her and help her into a resting position with head and shoulders raised and call for medical assistance. (T)

B. Lie her down and raise her legs.

C. Put her into the recovery position and cover her with a blanket.

D. Check her consciousness.

34. A student faints in a first aid class. She is pale and cold but conscious. You would immediately:

A. Place the student in the recovery position and monitor ABC.

B. Take her out of the room to get some fresh air.

C. Offer her a hot drink.

D. Lie her down and elevate her legs. (T)

35. A man is having an asthma attack. He has difficulty breathing and is very anxious. While reassuring the casualty you would:

A. Give him firm back slaps to assist his breathing.

B. Leave him alone and go to report to the captain.

C. Place him in the recovery position, loosen tight clothing to assist breathing.

D. Sit him upright and assist him to take his own prescribed asthma medication if available. (T)

36. How should you assist an asthma victim to use his puffer (asthma medication)?

A. Give 4 puffs of aerosol, ask victim to breathe in and out 4 times after each puff. (T)

B. Give 4 puffs of aerosol without delay.

C. Give 4 puffs of aerosol, 4 back slaps between his shoulder blades after each puff.

D. Give 4 puffs of aerosol, 4 chest thrusts after each puff.

37. A seven-year-old girl is chocking on a piece of Lego. She can no longer cough and is now gasping for air. You would:

A. Grab her around the lower ribs and squeeze her.

B. Tell her to lie down and slap her on the back.

C. Perform sharp back slaps, and then chest thrusts. (T)

D. Do CPR.

38. Which of the following statements is true?

A. All asthma victims wheeze.

B. When you care for a seizure, do not try to place anything between the person's teeth. (T)

C. You should give rescue breaths to a conscious casualty who is choking.

D. A person who is hyperventilating should breathe in and out of a paper bag.

39. A person is sitting in a chair looking pale and complaining about severe chest pain. You would:

A. Rest the person on the side and report to the captain.

B. Make sure the person is resting in a comfortable position and call for medical assistance then report to the captain. (T)

C. Offer the victim some of your indigestion tablets.

D. Position the victim for CPR.

14

42. You are called to assist a person having a seizure. You would first:

A. Protect the victim from injury and, as soon as possible after seizures, place on the side to manage the airway. (T)

B. Hold the victim firmly, as you can slow down or stop a seizure from occurring.

C. Place a soft object between his teeth to prevent biting the tongue.

D. Ask one passenger hold the victim's limbs while you try to squeeze lemon into his mouth.

43. A woman has intense bleeding, she looks pale and complains about her thirst, she asks for a glass of water and you will

A. Bring her a cup of hot tea.

B. Not give her anything to eat or drink. (T)

C. Give her a can of Coke.

D. Give her something to eat instead.

44. You are called to treat a passenger. He is unable to explain his problem and is pale and shaky. You notice he is wearing an SOS medallion which states that he is a diabetic. You would immediately:

A. Follow the basic life support flow chart. (T)

B. Search his bag for his insulin.

C. Place him in the recovery position.

D. Bring him a glass of diet Coke.

45. A passenger is suffering from hypoglycaemia (low sugar level). He becomes weak, rapid pulse and develops cold, pale, moist skin. You would:

A. Give him a glass of water.

B. Give him a sugary drink or chocolate. (T)

C. Inject insulin.

D. Give reassurance only.

46. To manage the airway of a seizure victim:

A. Place a thick object, such as a rolled blanket, under the victim's head.

B. Position the victim on the side as soon as possible after seizure. (T)

C. Move the victim to a sitting position.

D. Splash the person with water.

47. How can people prevent anaphylaxis happened?

A. Avoid areas where insects may be suspected

B. Avoid taking drugs or foods which are known to cause anaphylaxis

C. Avoid perfume, lotions... that attract insects

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

48. A passenger's face, lips, tongue and hands are beginning to swell up after eating peanuts, his pulse is rapid, weak and he complains of chest tightness. You find that he is wearing medical alert bracelets of allergy. You would:

A. Look for his adrenaline auto-injector.

B. Help him in the sitting position if he has difficulty breathing.

C. Assist him to self-administer his adrenaline auto-injector.

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

15

49. When you are checking the cabin, a passenger collapses nearby, then begins to convulse. You would:

A. Promptly turn the casualty onto his side

B. Tell a bystanders to move out of the way while you protect the casualty from injury. (T)

C. Restrain the casualty's limbs to avoid injury.

16

CHAPTER 3 – MANAGEMENT OF INJURIES

1. One of your friends has cut his arm and is bleeding severely. How do you treat his injury?

A. Put the injured limb in some cold water

B. Apply direct pressure over the wound (T)

C. Give him an aspirin

D. Leave the injury open until it stops bleeding

2. In case of frostbite what water temperature should you use to put the injured parts in?

A. Very cold water

B. Water from cold water tap

C. Warm water (under 42°C) (T)

D. Boiling Water

3. What should be done for a snake bite?

A. Apply a tourniquet

B. Cut the wound with a sterile knife and encourage bleeding

C. Suck out the venom

D. None of the mentioned situations (T)

4. What should be done for an embedded foreign object in a wound?

A. Remove as soon as possible

B. Leave in place and build up dressing around (T)

C. Remove after 10 minutes

D. Remove when the wound stop bleeding

5. For a casualty with a chemical burn to one eye, how should a sterile dressing be applied?

A. Never use a dressing on eye injuries

B. Lightly pad an injured eye (T)

C. Cover both eyes

6. If a casualty is stung in the mouth what can you give them?

A. Nothing to eat or drink

B. An ice cube or cold water (T)

C. Warm water

D. Any hot drink

7. Someone has suffered an electric shock from a power tool. You are unable to isolate the electricity at the mains, which of the following should be used to move the power tool away?

A. Your bare foot

B. A metal object

C. A wet piece of wood

D. A dry broom handle (T)

8. To control bleeding, what should you do?

A. Elevate the wound and apply a firm dressing (T)

B. Raise the wound and apply a loose dressing

C. Keep the wound low for accessibility and dress wound

D. Wash injured part and apply dressing

17

9. If a dressing cannot control the bleeding

A. Take it off and try again

B. Apply as many dressings as you have

C. Leave the first pad in place and apply another bandage over the first (T)

D. Apply a tourniquet

10. After cooled, a burn should be treated by

A. Covering with a loose dressing (T)

B. Covering with a tight dressing

C. Leaving uncovered

D. Covering with an antiseptic cream then dressed

11. If you are unable to control bleeding using direct pressure you could

A. Apply pressure to a pressure point (T)

B. Apply a tourniquet

C. Apply as many dressings as you have

D. Elevate the injured part

12. A sprain is

A. A broken bone

B. A joint out of position

C. An injury to a joint (T)

D. An injury to a muscle

13. A strain is

A. A broken bone

B. A joint out of position

C. An injury to a joint

D. An injury to a muscle (T)

14. The treatment of a sprain or strain is

A. Raise, immobilise, conforming bandage, examine

B. Rest, ice, compression bandage, elevate (T)

C. Rest, immobilise, comfort, elevate

D. Raise, ice, comfort, examine

15. A fracture is a

A. Crack in the bone

B. Chip in the bone

C. Break in the bone

D. Any of the mentioned situations. (T)

16. Treatment of a fracture includes

A. Leave wounds open so as not to put pressure on the injury

B. Straighten any leg fracture

C. Apply "pressure immobilisation technique"

D. Immobilise (T)

17. A dislocation is

18

A. A broken bone

B. A joint out of position (T)

C. An injury to a joint

D. An injury to a muscle

18. When managing a dislocation you should not

A. Reassure the casualty

B. Reset the dislocation (T)

C. Seek medical help

D. Support and immobilise the injury

19. When managing a fracture you should not

A. Reassure the casualty

B. Treat for shock

C. Move limbs to their natural position (T)

D. Dress any wounds

20. If someone has been bitten by a snake, what can you do to assist?

A. Apply the "pressure immobilisation technique" (T)

B. Wash the wound with warm water

C. Elevate the person's limb

D. Put person into the recovery position

21. If someone has a suspected dislocated collar bone, do you:

A. Ask them to raise their hands above their head

B. Support and immobilise the shoulder in the most comfortable position for them (T)

C. Leave it for 24 hours and see if the pain reduces

D. Support their shoulder by putting their hands in their pockets

22. How can you provide assistance to someone who has been burnt with boiling water?

A. Run the burn under cold running water (T)

B. Wipe the burn with alcohol wipes

C. Wrap the burn in cling wrap or a clean plastic bag

D. Apply cream or ointment to the burn

23. Which item is best to apply to head injury with swelling?

A. Cold running water

B. Heat pack

C. Band-aid

D. An ice pack (T)

24. A person suffering from a nose bleeding should be?

A. Placed sitting with head forward and nose pinched (T)

B. Placed sitting with the nose plugged to avoid unnecessary blood loss

C. Placed sitting with head back and nose pinched

D. Placed lying with head tilted on one side

25. How should you treat a child that has swallowed a corrosive substance?

A. Give him/her sips of milk, water or spoonfuls of ice cream (T)

B. Make him/her vomit as soon as possible

19

C. Sit him/her down and call for an ambulance

D. Make him/her walk around to keep him/her awake and call for an ambulance

26. How should you treat a child who appears to have broken his/her arm?

A. Flood the arm in cold water to reduce swelling and take him/her to see a doctor

B. Tightly bandage the arm to reduce swelling and call for medical assistance

C. Support and immobilize the arm, reassure the child and call for medical assistance (T)

D. Wait for 30 minutes to see if pain subsides – it may only be a sprain

27. A strain is caused by which of the following?

A. An over stretched muscle (T)

B. Abnormal movement of a joint

C. Ligament injury

D. Dislocation of a joint

28. A dislocated finger should?

A. Not be used for a few days to allow healing

B. Be put back "in place" by you as soon as possible

C. Be put back "in place" by you after a few days

D. Be managed to use the R.I.C.E. principles and immobilize (T)

29. How can you stop external bleeding?

A. Apply RICE – Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation

B. Apply direct to or indirect pressure around the wound (T)

C. Run the wound under water

D. Immobilize the wound

30. If someone is bleeding from a wound, what can you do to help?

A. Let the blood drain out

B. Put pressure on the injury (T)

C. Tie a tourniquet above the injury

D. Put some salt on it to stop bleeding

31. What should you do if you think someone has broken a leg?

A. Ask them to lean on their leg to check if it is painful

B. Help them support and immobilise their leg using a blanket or some clothing (T)

C. Leave it for a while to see if the pain gets better

D. Help them to put a pressure bandage on the broken leg

32. What is the most important thing to do to help someone who has a burn?

A. Wrap the burn in cling film or a clean plastic bag

B. Apply some ointment on the burn

C. Wipe the burn with antiseptic wipes

D. Cool the burn under cold running water (T)

33. Which item below would be the best thing to apply to a head injury to reduce swelling?

A. A bag of ice wrapped in cloth (T)

B. A wet cloth

C. A can of soft drink

D. All of the three above

20

34. What information should you gather if you think a person has swallowed poison or taken a harmful substance?

A. What they have taken, when and why

B. What they have taken, when and where

C. What they have taken, when and how much (T)

D. What they have taken, where and why

35. What simple check can be used to determine the heart rate in a casualty?

A. Radial artery check (T)

B. Coronary artery check

C. Femoral artery check

D. Any of the three mentioned situations

36. Which of the following is the management for nose bleeding?

A. Tilt head forward (T)

B. Tilt head backward

C. Tilt head on the left side

D. Tilt head on the right side

37. What can you do with the injury to reduce swelling and pain?

A. Wrap a towel around ice and apply it to the injury

B. Elevate the swelling part

C. Never place ice directly on the skin because it's too cold

D. All mentioned situations (T)

38. How would you manage a deep, bleeding cut on the palm of the hand?

A. Hold the injured hand under running water

B. Apply direct pressure to the cut, elevate the arm, then bandage the entire hand (T)

C. Apply a pressure immobilisation bandage to the arm

D. Apply a tourniquet bandage to the arm

39. Management of the external bleeding includes:

A. Apply (direct or indirect) pressure

B. Elevate the injured part and pressure bandage

C. Immobilise the injured part (using sling).

D. All mentioned situations (T)

40. A passenger with a chest wound is pale and cold but still conscious. You would:

A. Leave him in the position that you've found.

B. Lie him on his back with his head and shoulders slightly raised.

C. Turn him onto the recovery position and open the airway.

D. Place him in a position of comfort (usually sitting upwards to assist breathing). (T)

41. A passenger has found conscious with an abdominal wound. You would immediately:

A. Assist the passenger to sit upwards.

B. Lie the passenger on his back with his head and shoulders slightly raised in a supported position and their knees slightly bent. (T)

C. Place the passenger to the recovery position.

D. Leave the passenger in the position that you've found.

21

42. In a long flight, you see a passenger having a nose bleeding. You would:

A. Sit him upright with head slightly forward.

B. Ask him to pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes.

C. Apply cold packs to back of his neck and to his forehead.

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

43. A man has fallen from his seat while climbing up to take something from the overhead locker. You find he is bleeding from his ear. What would you do?

A. Assist the patient to sit or lie in position with the head tilted towards the injured side and lightly cover the injured ear with a sterile dressing. (T)

B. Apply pressure bandage to the affected ear to stop bleeding.

C. DO NOT plug the ear as this may allow pressure to build up within the skull and let the blood drains freely.

D. Apply an ice compress to the affected ear.

44. Management of the scald burn includes:

A. Breaking blisters.

B. Applying an ice compress.

C. Cooling the area with cold running water. (T)

D. Applying some ointment, butter or powders.

45. Some corrosive chemical splashes into a passenger's eye. You should immediately:

A. Irrigate his affected eye with cold running water. (T)

B. Instruct the passenger to rub his eyes.

C. Cover both eyes.

D. Check the name of the corrosive chemical.

46. You are called to assist a person who has an electrical burn but is still conscious. You would:

A. Immobilise the affected areas.

B. Cool the burnt areas with cold running water. (T)

C. Apply ointments to the burnt areas.

D. Cool the burnt areas with an ice pad.

47. How would you manage the frostbite?

A. Rewarm by skin to skin heat transfer or use warm water under 42°C.(T)

B. Rub or massage the affected areas.

C. Rewarm by dry or radiant heat.

D. Let the patient with a defrosted foot walk.

48. A passenger has had diarrhea due to contaminated food. While monitoring his airway and breathing you would:

A. Advise him to take as much water as he can.

B. Give him a sip of water to wash out his mouth. (T)

C. Give him something to eat.

D. Do not give him anything to eat or drink.

49. You are called to assist a person who has accidently drunk a burning substance. You would:

A. Dilute the substance with small regular sips of milk, water or spoonfuls of ice cream. (T)

B. Induce vomiting.

22

C. Advise him to take as much water as he can.

D. Don't do anything, wait for medical assistance.

50. How should you manage the bee stings?

A. Apply an ice compress. (T)

B. Apply a hot compress.

C. Apply a loose bandage.

D. Elevate the injured part.

51. A 5 year-old child was found with many fire ant bites. You would:

A. Rub the affected area for the child.

B. Apply a hot compress.

C. Wash the affected area with soap and water. (T)

D. Apply some ointment.

52. How should you care for the box jellyfish stings?

A. Rub the stung area.

B. Flood the stung area with vinegar or rinse the stings in seawater. (T)

C. Use fresh water to flood the stung area.

D. Encourage the victim to move the affected area.

53. The managements of inhaled poisons include:

A. Remove the patient from the contaminated environment and give oxygen, if the patient is not breathing, do CPR. (T)

B. Turn the patient onto the recovery position.

C. Lie the patient on his back and raise his legs.

D. Assist the patient to sit up and give water.

54. You are called to help a victim with a burn caused by a molten substance. After removing victim away from molten substances you should immediately:

A. Irrigate the affected areas with cold running water. (T)

B. Try to remove the substance once it solidifies.

C. Irrigate the affected areas with hot running water.

D. Cover the victim with a blanket.

55. During survival at sea, many passengers get sunburned. Cabin attendants should:

A. Cool burnt areas with cold running water only.

B. Give frequent small drinks of clear fluids.

C. DO NOT apply any ointments, oils, toothpaste, etc. on the affected areas

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

56. A victim has been saved from a fire. His eyes become red and irritated from the smoke. You should:

A. Instruct the victim to rub his eyes.

B. Irrigate his eyes with either 'eye stream', sterile water or tap water. (T)

C. Close his eyes until they are no longer irritated

D. Help victim to wear sunglasses.

57. A passenger has fallen down on the cabin aisle, you found that he has teeth misalignment and jaw dislocation. You would:

23

A. Ask the patient to support his jaw with one or two hands. (T)

B. Use the 'pressure immobilization technique' to support the jaw.

C. Lie the patient in the recovery position.

D. Assist the patient to sit up and lean forwards to drain any blood.

58. The care for electrical injuries includes:

A. Cover the burnt sites.

B. Follow the basic life support flow chart.

C. Cool the burnt area with cold running water for 20 minutes

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

59. You should suspect a fracture or a dislocation if:

A. You saw severe swelling and discoloration.

B. The area was significantly deformed.

C. The victim is difficulty/impossible to move the injured part.

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

60. You are not sure whether an injury is a fracture or a sprain. How would you manage such a situation?

A. Immobilise as if it is a fracture and call for medical assistance. (T)

B. Apply a cold pressure and a compression bandage.

C. Apply a warm pressure and a compression bandage.

D. Encorage the victim to move the injured part in order to identify a fracture

61. In a long flight, you see a passenger having nose bleeding. You would:

A. Sit him with his head forward to allow the blood to drain and apply cold packs to the back of neck.

B. Sit him down with his head well forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes. (T)

C. Sit him down with his head back and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes.

D. Give him a cold drink.

62. A man has fallen from his seat while climbing to take something from the overhead locker. You find he has intense pain and a swelling in his left ankle. You think it may be a sprain but you are

not sure. What would you do?

A. Gently move the ankle to check if it is a sprain or fracture.

B. Immobilise the ankle and send the man to hospital right after landing. (T)

C. Apply a compression bandage and ice for 10 minutes.

D. Elevate his left leg.

63. At the scene of a car crash, a victim has blood seeping from his ear, you should:

A. Loosely cover the ear with a sterile dressing. (T)

B. Do nothing; this is a normal finding in a head injury.

C. Collect the fluid in a sterile container for analysis.

D. Pack the ear with sterile dressing to prevent further fluid loss.

64. In caring for the victim of inhaled poison, you should:

A. Be sure the area is safe for you to enter.

B. Remove the victim from the source of the poison if it is safe to do so.

C. Give oxygen as soon as possible.

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

24

65. If a bleeding wound has a piece of glass embedded in it, you would:

A. Carefully remove the glass to avoid further damage.

B. Apply pressure around the glass to control bleeding. (T)

C. Apply pressure on top of the wound to control bleeding.

D. Carefully remove the glass to avoid further damage and apply pressure on top of the wound to control bleeding.

66. How do you care for the unconscious victim with a spinal injury?

A. Leave the victim on the position which he is found.

B. Turn the victim onto the HAINES recovery position carefully to maintain the airway opened. (T)

C. Keep the victim on his back.

D. Turn the victim onto the recovery position carefully to maintain the airway opened.

67. How do you care for the wound?

A. Stop it from bleeding.

B. Bandage it.

C. Elevate it.

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

68. Your fingers have touched dry ice by accident and you've had a cold burn. You will:

A. cool those fingers.

B. use your body temperature to warm those fingers. (T)

C. use fire to warm the cold burned area.

69. The passenger's hand gets burned from hot tea. What do you care for the burn?

A. Apply ice to the burned area.

B. Apply toothpaste to the burned area.

C. Cool the burned area with cold running water. (T)

70. Your friend has fallen over during the time for a football match, he has intense pain and a swelling on his right ankle. You should

A. Massage that area by using medicated oil.

B. Bandage it and apply a hot water pack.

C. Give a compression-bandage and apply an ice compress. (T)

71. If you are alone and your clothing catches fire, you will

A. Follow the simple guide to "Stop, Drop and Roll". (T)

B. Run quickly to the nearest water tap.

C. Try to take off the clothes.

72. What will you do in order to care for the victim whose eye is burned by a chemical?

A. Keep the cold running water flushing the effected eye. (T)

B. Cover the effected eye immediately.

C. Do not touch the victim until a doctor comes.

73. You are called to care for the man who has a snake bite on his left leg, you would immediately

A. Use the "pressure immobilization technique". (T)

B. Tie at the upper area of the bite site to stop the venom's movement.

C. Help him lie down and wait for the professional care.

25

74. How do you care for the sunburn?

A. Use water to cool the burn and protect the burned area from further damage by staying out of the sun. (T)

B. Use oil or ointment to cover the burned area.

C. Apply ice to the burned area.

75. What are the meanings of R.I.C.E. in caring for soft tissue injuries?

A. Rest; Ice; Compression; Elevation. (T)

B. Response; Ice; Compression; Elevation.

C. Rest; Ice; Circulation; Elevation.

76. In caring for an electrical burn injury, you must first:

A. Remove the victim from the power source.

B. Conduct a primary survey.

C. Make sure the power source is turned off. (T)

D. Look for two burn sites.

77. When caring for an injury with an embedded object, you should:

A. Remove the object.

B. Allow the area to bleed freely.

C. Build up dressing around the embedded object to give an indirect pressure. (T)

D. Allow the area to bleed freely and stabilise the object in the position you find it.

78. A finger has been amputated in an accident. The finger has been found, bleeding is controlled and the victim is treated for shock. While waiting for an ambulance you would:

A. Place the finger directly on ice.

B. Place the finger in a sealed bag surrounded by iced water and make sure the finger is transported with the victim. (T)

C. Wash the finger thoroughly with soap and water.

D. All mentioned situations.

79. A corrosive chemical has spilled on a passenger and you find his/her lower arm and hand red and swollen. You should first:

A. Remove the chemical by lemon.

B. Put a sterile dressing over the burn site.

C. Flush the burn with cold running water for at least 20-30 minutes. (T)

D. Have the victim remove contaminated clothes.

26

CHAPTER 4 - TYPICAL FLIGHT RELATED SICKNESS

1. If someone suffers from hypothermia due to being outside for a long length of time, how should they be reheated?

A. Rapidly (eg. bath boiled water)

B. Slowly (eg. with blankets) (T)

C. No need to be reheated

D. It depends on their health

2. Which factor should be used to quickly assess the baby after delivered:

A. Skin colour (normal/blue/pale).

B. Cry (strong/weak).

C. Movement (strong/poor).

D. All mentioned situations (T)

3. How to relieve ear pain resulting from pressure changes?

A. Encourage the person to swallow, drink water or yawn.

B. Blow the nose while pinching the nostrils shut and keeping the mouth closed.

C. All mentioned situations (T)

4. To prevent from dehydration, you should

A. Drink plenty of fluids. (T)

B. Drink alcohol when flying.

C. Drink coffee as much as you can.

5. Which of the following is a correct action to take when you cut the umbilical cord?

A. Tie the cord in two places and cut in between. (T)

B. Cut the cord and then tie the end of the cord itself in a knot.

C. Cut the cord as close to the abdomen as possible to shape the belly button well.

D. Cut the cord first, and tie it with a string only if it bleeds.

6. If a newborn is not crying or breathing after being born, you should:

A. Wipe the baby with a towel to dry it, this action should stimulate the baby to cry. (T)

B. Slap it on its buttocks.

C. Start CPR immediately.

D. Flick the soles of its feet with your finger and start CPR immediately.

8. When providing care to a passenger who has airsickness, you would

A. Instruct the passenger to loosen tight clothing, remain still and quiet, apply a cold pack on the neck and open the air vent

B. Instruct the passenger to loosen tight clothing, remain still and quiet, apply a warm pack to the forehead

C. Instruct the passenger to loosen tight clothing, remain still and quiet, apply a cold pack to the forehead and open the air vent (T)

9. During descent, a passenger complains that her ears are very painful, you will suggest her

A. Swallow, drink water or yawn

B. Blow the nose while pinching the nostrils shut and keeping the mouth closed.

27

C. Hold a hot water bottle wrapped in cloth or a heating pad against her ears.

D. All mentioned situations (T)

10. If the baby does not cry after being wiped off with a towel, you will

A. Wipe any mucous from the mouth and nose (T)

B. Slap the baby on the back

C. Perform CPR

11. The umbilical cord must be cut....

A. Right after the baby is delivered

B. In case the aircraft may not landing soon, and the placenta has been delivered for 20 to 30 minutes

C. In case the placenta has not been delivered by 30 minutes after the childbirth

D. B and C are correct. (T)

12. When caring for a patient suffering from hypothermia, you should

A. Not rub or massage the extremities. (T)

B. Help the patient to sit upright

C. Provide the patient with alcohol drink.

13. Care provided by the first aider to a heat cramp/exhaustion and conscious patient includes:

A. Moving the patient into shade and lying them down to rest and giving the patient sips water or a mixture of 1/2 a teaspoon of salt and 500ml of water. (T)

B. Moving the patient into shade and lying them down to rest and giving patient sips water or a mixture of 1/2 a teaspoon of sugar and 500ml of water..

C. None is correct.

14. When providing care to a patient who is suffering from a heat stroke, you should

A. Lie the patient down with his/her head and shoulders slightly raised and douse the patient with cold water. (T)

B. Lie the patient down with his/her legs slightly raised and apply hot packs to his/her neck, groins and armpits.

C. Fan the patient with an electric fan and douse the patient with warm water.

15. If someone is really tense and panicky on drugs, you should NOT

A. Keep calm and reassure them quietly

B. Remove them away from loud noises

C. Turn all the lights around them to the brightest level (T)

15. During descent, to assist a mother with a baby screaming because of ear pain, you should suggest the mother

A. Feed the baby with milk or water (T)

B. Put some wads of cotton wool in his/her ears

C. All are correct

16. Causes of airsickness may include:

A. Turbulence and/or fear

B. Too much eating or drinking.

C. Altitude.

D. All are correct. (T)

28

17. To assist a passenger suffering from hyperventilation, you should

A. Leave him alone, he will get well soon.

B. Provide him a bag and instruct him to breath in and out with the bag cover his mouth and nose.

C. Stay with the passenger, reassure and instruct him to breathe slowly. (T)

29

CHAPTER 5: GUIDANCE

1. List cases which are highly recommended to land as soon as possible.

A. A passenger is unconscious and not breathing.

B. An unconscious passenger has the sign and symptom of spinal injury.

C. A passenger has a cardiac emergency or a stroke.

D. All mentioned situations (T).

2. Which case is not necessary to land as soon as possible?

A. An conscious passenger has nose bleeding (T).

B. A passenger who is unconscious and not breathing needs to be applied resuscitation on board.

C. A pregnant passenger is in labour.

3. Which statement is correct?

A. Place medical waste together with normal waste.

B. Place medical waste and surgical instruments into a plastic bag.

C. Store all containers of medical waste in a secure location. (T)

4. Where can you store sharps such as needles, surgical instruments, etc. after use?

A. In a plastic bag.

B. In a container of medical waste.

C. In a needle disposal box in the emergency medical kit (T).

5. A passenger is considered dead when:

A. A bystander tells you that the passenger is unconscious and not breathing.

B. A passenger's sudden collapse is caused by a cardiac arrest.

C. A medical doctor or a nurse asserts that the passenger is dead (T).

6. What would you do if a doctor or a nurse announced that 'the PAX is dead'?

A. List and keep all the victim's belongings

B. Take two in-flight passengers' signatures as witnesses

C. Fill the from "PAX's health Irregularity Report"

D. All mentioned situations. (T)

7. How should you deal with special case such as death on board?

A. Make an announcement to all the passengers.

B. Leave the dead passenger in the nearest galley.

C. Leave the dead passenger in the nearest lavatory.

D. Place the dead passenger in a window seat and fasten the seat belt for him (T)

8. Who can assert that a passenger is dead on board?

A. The captain

B. The purser

C. A medical doctor or a nurse (T)

9. The best location for a dead passenger during landing (period) is

A. An aisle seat

B. A lavatory

C. A window seat (T)

30

CHAPTER 6: APPENDIX

1. How many emergency medical kits are installed in each aircraft?

A. 1 (T)

B. 2

C. 3

2. How many first aid kits are installed in A321 aircraft?

A. 1

B. 2 (T)

C. 3

3. How many first aid kits are installed in A330 aircraft:

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3 (T)

4. How many first aid kits are installed in B777 aircraft?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4 (T)

5. Who makes a decision about using medicine or medical articles in the emergency medical kit to

care for passengers on board?

A. The captain (T)

B. The purser

C. A medical doctor or a nurse

D. Any cabin crew members

6. Is it possible if the purser and his/her crew use medicine or medical articles in the first aid kit to care for passengers without any medical assistance on board?

A. No

B. Yes (T)

7. Disposal gloves should be used by cabin crew members who are assisting cases of suspected communicable diseases and can be found in:

A. The Emergency Medical Kit (EMK)

B. The Universal Precaution Kit (UPK)

C. The First Aid Kit (FAK)

D. All are correct(T)