1.      What is marine propulsion plant? State functions and features of main engine & propulsion equipment?

Main propulsion plant equipment is a system of equipment that undertake speed and direction of the ship.

Main engine generates power to move the ship. In the marine propulsion plant, the following kind of main engine can be used:

-          Steam plant

-          Steam turbine

-          Gas turbine

-          Diesel engine

Diesel engine propulsion plant is mostly used nowadays.

2.      What is marine propulsion plant? State functions and features of driving equipment, main boiler, conveyance equipment?

 Main propulsion plant equipment is a system of equipment that undertake speed and direction of the ship.

-          Driving equipment

It is intermediate equipment to transmit power from main engine to propeller. They are shafting, flanges, coupling, clutch, and reduction gear.

-          Main boiler

Its duty is to supply steam(with high pressure and temperature) to steam engine, steam engine, steam turbine and other auxiliary. Main boiler is used only on steam ship.

-          Conveyance equipment

They are used to convey working substance to main engine. They consists of steam tube, gas tube.

3.      What is marine propulsion plant? State functions and features of auxiliary equipment?

Main propulsion plant equipment is a system of equipment that undertake speed and direction of the ship.

-          Auxiliary equipment of MPP

This equipment serves main propulsion plant and other operations of the ship. They are:

a.       Generator

Supply electric energy for the ship

b.      Compressed air system

Generate and store compressed air for:

-          Starting and reversing the main engine

-          Starting diesel generator

-          Cleaning and repairing

-          Control system

c.       Auxiliary boiler

It supply steam to heat fuel, lubricating oil, water, and cabins.

4.      What is marine propulsion plant? State functions and features of safety equipment.

Main propulsion plant equipment is a system of equipment that undertake speed and direction of the ship.

To keep safe operation of the ship

a.       Bilge system

Its duty is to suck dryly shaft tunnel cargo holds and engine room. Because bilge water is mixture of water, oil, sludge… so it is required to provide with the oily-water separator in the system to separate oil from water before pumping out to sea.

b.      Ballast system

It duty is to adjust the balance of the ship

c.       Fire protection system

It is easy to happen damages due to fire on the ship especially in the engine room, so protection firing should be specially concerned. Fire protection system consists of: personal fire ectinguishings, carbon dioxide cylinders, foam cylinders, water fire extinguishing system, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system foam fire extinguishing system.

d.      Repairing equipment, store and apare parts for replacing

5.      Classify the marine propulsion plant and state feature of steam propulsion plant? Why intermediate equipment should be provided between turbine and propeller

a.       Steam propulsion plant

Propeller is driven by:

Steam engine (very old type): this kind of engine have many disadvantage such as small power, low efficiency, heavy weight and large dimension

Steam turbine

At the first time of the appearance is direct driving propeller

Nowadays is indirect driving propeller

b.      Diesel engine propulsion plant

First appearance on board the ship in 1903 in Russia. It is divided as follow:

+ Direct driving diesel engine propulsion plant (low speed and direct reversing engine, the most common is two stroke low speed engine with crosshead)

+ Indirect driving diesel engine propulsion plant (main engine is generally is kind of high and medium speed diesel engine, non-reversible)

Special driving diesel engine propulsion plant:

Electric driving and controllable pitch propeller

c.       Other types

Gas turbine propulsion plant

Nuclear propulsion plant

Technical characteristics of steam turbine plant

Working substance is high pressure steam

Output is continue, therefore can increase revolution and power, reduce weigh of turbine

Steam flows continuous through turbine so rotating moment, heat and mechanical load are stable.

Therefore turbine has a high longevity

When working turbine does not generate inertia force

Turbine can generate large power

Turbine can’t reverse itself. To reverse direction of the ship, it should be provided with astern turbine

Turbine revolution is much higher than optimum range of propeller’ revolution, so it should be provided with reduction gear

Efficiency of the system is low because to many loses of energy

The propulsion is very dangerous as steam have high pressure and temperature

It requires high quality of water in the system

It takes long time to start the system, so ship is not flexible

6.      Classify the marine propulsion plant and state features of diesel engine propulsion plant? Which types of diesel engine have been using board nowadays?

a.       Steam propulsion plant

Propeller is driven by:

Steam engine (very old type): this kind of engine have many disadvantage such as small power, low efficiency, heavy weight and large dimension

Steam turbine

At the first time of the appearance is direct driving propeller

Nowadays is indirect driving propeller

b.      Diesel engine propulsion plant

First appearance on board the ship in 1903 in Russia. It is divided as follow:

+ Direct driving diesel engine propulsion plant (low speed and direct reversing engine, the most common is two stroke low speed engine with crosshead)

+ Indirect driving diesel engine propulsion plant (main engine is generally is kind of high and medium speed diesel engine, non-reversible)

Special driving diesel engine propulsion plant:

Electric driving and controllable pitch propeller

c.       Other types

Gas turbine propulsion plant

Nuclear propulsion plant

Technical characteristic of diesel engine propulsion plant

In marine diesel propulsion plant, working substance is combustion product of mixing fuel and air formed in engine combustion chamber so:

Thermal efficiency is high while specific fuel consumption is low

Output is not continuously generated

When working, diesel engine generate reciprocating forces and inertia moments

Engine parts withstand the forces that vary cyclically, these characteristics limit increasing power and revolution of the engine

Immediate pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber are very high, some engine parts working in heavy condition, so longevity of the engine is reduced

It is easy to change rotating direction of the engine by reversing mechanism

It is easy to change rotating direction of the engine by reversing mechanism

It is not economical and stable when diesel engine working in light load

Ship is flexible because starting time is short

Heat energy go out of the engine with high temperature so we can reused

7.      Classify the marine propulsion plant? State features of gas turbine and nuclear propulsion plant?

a.       Steam propulsion plant

Propeller is driven by:

Steam engine (very old type): this kind of engine have many disadvantage such as small power, low efficiency, heavy weight and large dimension

Steam turbine

At the first time of the appearance is direct driving propeller

Nowadays is indirect driving propeller

b.      Diesel engine propulsion plant

First appearance on board the ship in 1903 in Russia. It is divided as follow:

+ Direct driving diesel engine propulsion plant (low speed and direct reversing engine, the most common is two stroke low speed engine with crosshead)

+ Indirect driving diesel engine propulsion plant (main engine is generally is kind of high and medium speed diesel engine, non-reversible)

Special driving diesel engine propulsion plant:

Electric driving and controllable pitch propeller

c.       Other types

Gas turbine propulsion plant

Nuclear propulsion plant

Gas turbines differ from steam turbines in that gas rather steams in used to turn shaft. These have also become more suitable for use in ships. Many naval ships are powered by gas turbine and several container ships are also fitted with them.

Nuclear propulsion plant is commonly used on naval ships, especially submarines. But this form of power will be used more on merchant ships when oil fuels become rarely. Nuclear propulsion plant uses the energy released by the decay of radioactive fuel to generate steam, and the steam is used to turn a shaft via a turbine in the conventional way.

8.      State technical characteristics of diesel engine propulsion plant?

Technical characteristic of diesel engine propulsion plant

In marine diesel propulsion plant, working substance is combustion product of mixing fuel and air formed in engine combustion chamber so:

Thermal efficiency is high while specific fuel consumption is low

Output is not continuously generated

When working, diesel engine generate reciprocating forces and inertia moments

Engine parts withstand the forces that vary cyclically, these characteristics limit increasing power and revolution of the engine

Immediate pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber are very high, some engine parts working in heavy condition, so longevity of the engine is reduced

It is easy to change rotating direction of the engine by reversing mechanism

It is easy to change rotating direction of the engine by reversing mechanism

It is not economical and stable when diesel engine working in light load

Ship is flexible because starting time is short

Heat energy go out of the engine with high temperature so we can reused

9.      State technical characteristics of steam turbine propulsion plant?

Technical characteristics of steam turbine plant

Working substance is high pressure steam

Output is continue, therefore can increase revolution and power, reduce weigh of turbine

Steam flows continuous through turbine so rotating moment, heat and mechanical load are stable.

Therefore turbine has a high longevity

When working turbine does not generate inertia force

Turbine can generate large power

Turbine can’t reverse itself. To reverse direction of the ship, it should be provided with astern turbine

Turbine revolution is much higher than optimum range of propeller’ revolution, so it should be provided with reduction gear

Efficiency of the system is low because to many loses of energy

The propulsion is very dangerous as steam have high pressure and temperature

It requires high quality of water in the system

It takes long time to start the system, so ship is not flexible